General anaesthesia

Question 1

what can be used for sedation

Answer 1

benzodiazepine

works on GABA receptors, open and close faster therefore leading to inhibition

Question 2

sedation uses

Answer 2

reduce pt anxiety

increase acceptability of prolonged/tensive procedures

Question 3

what is GA used for

Answer 3

pts with no co operation

extensive/prolonged procedures/brief painful procedures

Question 4

list of sedatives

Answer 4

1) alcohol
2) tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
3) opiates
- euphoria
- nausea
- respiratory depression
4) major tranquillisers
chlorpromazine, haloperidol
for pts ith
- profound anxiety
- hypotension
5) minor transquliisers
benzodiasepines
- drowsiness
- prolonged effect

Question 5

propofol

Answer 5

short acting
fast recovery 
no analgesia
continuous infusion
expensive devilry sustem

Question 6

sleep vs unconciousnes

Answer 6

unarousability

loss of protective reflexes

Question 7

process of GA

Answer 7

induction
secure airway
maintenance
emergence

Question 8

induction

Answer 8

production of unconcoisness

e.g. propofol

Question 9

potential complications in GA

Answer 9

aspriation
obstructio
nerve damage due to prolonged pressure

Question 10

airway maintenace

Answer 10

optimum head positio
laryngeal mask
tracheal intubation

can use muscle relaxants to overcome laryngeal reflexes

BUT they all have side effects

Question 11

what does maintenance of GA depend on

Answer 11

half life

Question 12

anaesthetic complicaitons nad how to reduce

Answer 12

• Awareness/Overdose (Agent monitoring; Brain function monitors; Neuromuscular blockade)
• Anaphylaxis (Learn the drill)
• Hypoxia (SpO2)
• Respiratory Depression (CO2 monitoring)
• Aspiration (Preop fasting; Intubation)
• Peripheral Nerve Damage (Careful positioning)

Question 13

haemorrhage signs

Answer 13

• Falling BP
• Rising Heart Rate
• Suction container full of blood
• Loads of wet swabs being piled in a corner

Question 14

treatment of haemorrhage

Answer 14

• Permissive loss of haemoglobin (to Hb ≈80)
• Restore circulation with crystalloid
• Chloride is the current unfashionable anion.