Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IHD Part 2 - BDS 3 > Gastro intestinal disease/medicine > Flashcards

Gastro intestinal disease/medicine Flashcards

1
Q

functions of GI tract

A

1) turns food into energy
2) waste removal
3) intake of water – hydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

key symptoms associated with GI disfunction

A 
vomiting
haematemesis
weiht loss
jaundice
melaena
diarrhoea
abdominal pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty in swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

dysphagia problem types

A

oropharyngeal
oesophageal
gastric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

history of dysphagia

A 
duration
solids or liquids
pain
weight loss
previous MH
medications
SH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

oropharyngeal dysphagia

A

difficulty initiating swallowing
difficulty with choking, nasal regurgitation
drooling, hardness etc

after initiation of swallowing at pharynx and upper oesophageal spincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what can cause oesophageal dysphagia

A 
benign musocsal disease
(reflux may be benign peptic structure)
or maligant
or
motility disorder (oesophageal spasm , achalasia, oesophageal pouch)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

gastric dysphagia

A

carcinoma
outlet obstruction
peptic ulceration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pharyngeal pouches

A

defect between constrictor and transverse cricopharyges muscle
- due to incoordiantion of swallowing in pharynx, leads to herniation through cricopharyngeal muscle leading to formation of pouch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

diagnosis oh pharyngeal poiches

A

barium swallow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

management of dysphagia

A

treat underling cause

if nutritionally deplete may need supplementation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what leads to upper abdominal discomfort and cause

A

gastro oesophageal reflux disease

  • excessive relaxation of lower oesophageal sphincter and raised intra abdominal pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

symptoms of gastro oesophageal reflux discomfort

A
  • heartburn
  • epigastric pain
  • acid reflux
  • waterbrash
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • tooth decay
  • asthma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

management of pts with reflux

A

lifestyle advice (avoid late meals, sleep upright, weight loss, smoking cessation, reduction in alcohol
surgery
H2 agonist (release symptoms)
PPI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

PPI examples

A

proton pump inhibitors
omeprazole
lansoprazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

hiatus hernia

A

pressure lost between the abdonomal and thoracic cavities

leads to reflux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

types of hiatus hernia

A

prestage
sliding hiatal hernia
paraoesophageal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

sliding hiatial hernia

A
  • gastrooesophageal junction and the abdominal part of the oesophagus and cardia of stomach move upwards through diaphragmatic hiatus into the thorax
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

paraoesophageal hiatal hernia

A
  • upward movement of gastric fundus, normal positioned junction (gastric oesophageal)
    i. e. not all of it moves up, pouch forms above where It should be
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

diagnosis of peptic ulcers + treamtnet

A

1) test for H pylori and then treat
2) treat patients with active suppression therapy
3) endoscopic therapy if bleeding
4) surgical intervention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

types of ulcers and distinguishing

A

gastric- associated with weight loss, worsened by food
haemataesis
duodenal - improve with eating, vomiting

22
Q

what can ulcers be due to

A

helicobacter pylori

non steroidal anti inflammatory drug s

23
Q

what can upper abdominal discomfort be due to

A 
gastric carcinoma
ulcer
non ulcer dyspepsia
pacreatic carcinoma
pancreatitis
24
Q

gastric carcinoma history, management and treatment

A
  • epigastric pain, weight loss, vomiting
  • OGD to investigate
  • take biopsies from any areas
  • imaging to stage and assess
    Treatment
  • surgery if possible (gastrectomy)
  • chemotherapy
  • pallative care
25
Q

pancreatic caricnoma

A

unremitting pain
radiates to back
associated with weight loss smoking
may cause jaundice

26
Q

pancreatitis and treatment

A
  • acute inflammation of pancreas causing severe pain, vomiting
  • chronic relapsing pain (chronic pancreatitis)

long term opioids

27
Q

management of acute lower abdominal pain

A

1) surgical referral
2) usually kept NBM
- pts may need surgical intervention
3) IV antibiotics
4) Imaging – USS and CT scan
- assess cause of acute pain

28
Q

what can acute lower abdominal pain be due to

A
  • inflammation (pain develops gradually, diffuse until becoming localised eg acute appendicitis)
  • perforation (starts abruptly, severe and can lead to generalised peritonitis)
  • obstruction (colicy? pain)
29
Q

chronic lower abdominal pain

A

more than 6 weeks
investigate like acute
management analgesics/sugery

30
Q

vomiting causes

A 
systemic illness
drug/alcohol
centrala mediated
psychiatric disorders
gastric disease
small bowel disease
colonic diease
31
Q

definition of diarrhoea

A

3 or more loose stools per day/change to normal bowel habit

32
Q

acute causes of diarhoea

A

1) infection
- gastroenteritis: bacterial/viral
- eg campylobacter, salmonella, E coli
- should not last more than 10 days
2) drugs
- antibiotics
- alcohol
3) food allergy/intolerance

33
Q

chronic causes of diarrhoea

A 
•	Small bowel disease
–	lactase deficiency
–	Coeliac disease
–	Crohn‘s disease
•	Pancreatic disease
–	pancreatic insufficiency
–	pancreatic carcinoma
–	cystic fibrosis
•	Colonic disease
–	ulcerative colitis
–	Crohn’s disease
–	carcinoma
34
Q

coeliac disease

A

hyperplasia
increased lymphocytes

management
blood test
serology tests to look for ab (when on normal gluten diet)

35
Q

dermatitis herpetiformis

A

ulcers on the body

features when being a coeliac

36
Q

types of diarrhoea and symptoms associated

A 
Small bowel/pancreatic
-	pain, floating, difficult to flush
-	throughout day
-	pain variable timing
-	pain not relieved by defecation
Colonic
-	blood and mucus 
-	often in the morning
-	pain related to defecation and relieved on defecation
37
Q

inflammatory bowle diseases

A

crohns disease

ulcerative colitits

38
Q

crohns disease

A

chronic inflammatory disease
affects any part of GI tract
from mouth to perineum
discontinuous

39
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

chronic inflammatory disease invariably affecting the rectum and extending proximal to involve all or part of the colon
continuous inflammation

40
Q

ulcerative colitis symptoms

A

diarrhoea
rectal bleeding
pain
weight loss

41
Q

crohns disease symptoms

A 
pain
diarrhoea
weight loss
fever
vomiting
nausea
42
Q

associated diseases of inflammatory diseases

A
  • Skin - erythema nodosum, pyoderma gangrenosum
  • Mouth - ulcers. Crohn’s: lips, buccal mucosa
  • Joints - arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis
  • Eyes - episcleritis, uveitis
  • Vascular - thromboses
  • Liver - cirrhosis, CAH, pericholangitis. U.C: primary sclerosing cholangitis
43
Q

colon cancer symptoms

A
  • none (bowel cancer screening)
  • rectal bleeding
  • altered bowel habits
  • lethargy/weight loss
44
Q

risk factors for cancer seen in the Bowles (colon cancer)

A

polyps

45
Q

investigation and management of colon cancer

A 
Investigations
-	colonoscopy
-	barium enema
-	CT
Management
-	evaluate extent of disease
-	if limited to colon – surgical resection possible
-	if not – chemo/radiotherapy 
-	Pala
46
Q

haemorrhoids

A

rectal bleeding
bright red
history of constipation
lasts few days /weeks

47
Q

what is jaundice due to

A

high bilirubin levels

48
Q

post hepatic causes of jaundice

A

gall stones
malignancy
benign biliary structure

49
Q

hepatic causes of jaundice

A

infection
alcohol hepatitis
drugs
decompensaties chronic liver disease

50
Q

pre hepatic causes of jaundice

A

isolated higher bilirubin level

haemolytic anaemia,

51
Q

chronic liver disease signs

A 
clubbing 
palmar ertyhema
spider naevei
asicties
tanned appearance

IHD Part 2 - BDS 3 (55 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions