Pathalogical curvatures

Question 1

Describe pathological kyphosis

Answer 1

Uneven vertebral growth in childhood where posterior border of body is longer than the anterior border
This leads to wedge shaped vertebrae

Question 2

Usual site of pathological kyphosis

Answer 2

Thoracic

May be lumbar

Question 3

Primary and secondary causes of scoliosis

Answer 3

Primary - congenital

Secondary - neuromuscular disease

Question 4

Describe scoliosis

Answer 4

Lateral curvature of VC

Question 5

Consequences of scoliosis

Answer 5

Prominence of ribs and/or scapula which gives uneven apparent length of arms and legs
Severe cases can lead to decreased lung capacity

Question 6

Describe kyphoscoliosis

Answer 6

Kyphosis and scoliosis combined

Question 7

Causes of kyphoscoliosis

Answer 7

Asymmetric weakening of paraspinal muscles e.g DMD

Question 8

Consequences of kyphoscoliosis

Answer 8

Reduced lung capacity
Pulmonary hypertension
Spinal cord compression

Question 9

What are the pathological curvatures

Answer 9

Kyphosis (scheuermann’s disease)
Scoliosis
Kyphoscoliosis