Fractures of femur

Question 1

What demographic is intracapsular fractures common with

Answer 1

Elderly

Particularly women

Question 2

Cause of intracapsular proximal femur fracture

Answer 2

Falling

Question 3

Risk of intracapsular proximal femur fracture

Answer 3

Damage to medial femoral circumflex artery causing avascular necrosis of femoral head

Question 4

Displacement of fragmets of intracapsular proximal femur fracture
How does this manifest clinically

Answer 4

Distal fragment is pulled upwards, abducted and laterally rotated
Shorter leg length - adductors and extensors
Toes point laterally - iliopsoas
Abducted - gluteus medius and minimus

Question 5

What demographic is extracapsular proximal femur fractures common with

Answer 5

Young and middle aged

Question 6

Displacement of fragmets of extracapsular proximal femur fracture
How does this manifest clinically

Answer 6

Distal fragment is pulled upwards, abducted and laterally rotated
Shorter leg length - adductors and extensors
Toes point laterally - iliopsoas
Abducted - gluteus medius and minimus

Question 7

Cause of femoral shaft fractures

Answer 7

Traumatic injury e.g vehicle accident

They require a lot of force

Question 8

Risks of femoral shaft fracture

Answer 8

Femoral nerve palsy

Compromised blood supply from femoral artery

Question 9

Displacement of fragments in spiral fracture

How does this manifest clinically

Answer 9

Fragments pulled by surrounding muscles so they overlap

Presents as leg shortening

Question 10

What are the proximal femur fractures

Answer 10

Intracapsular

Extracapsular

Question 11

Treatment of extracapsular fractures

Answer 11

Dynamic hip screw