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MSK > Arterial supply of lower limb > Flashcards

Arterial supply of lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

When does the external iliac artery terminate and what does it become

A

When it crosses under inguinal ligament and enters femoral triangle it becomes the femoral artery

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2
Q

What artery branches off the femoral artery within the femoral triangle
What aspect of the femoral artery does it arise from

A

Deep artery of thigh/ profundus femoris artery

Arises from posterolateral aspect

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3
Q

Course of deep artery of thigh

A

Travels posteriorly and distally

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4
Q

Branches of the deep artery of thigh

A

Perforating branches
Lateral femoral circumflex artery
Medial femoral circumflex artery

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5
Q

Course and function if perforating branches

A

Perforate adductor Magnus

Supplies muscles in medial and posterior thigh

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6
Q

Course and function of lateral femoral circumflex artery

A

Wraps around anterior lateral femur

Supplies some muscles in lateral side of thigh

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7
Q

Course and function of medial femoral circumflex artery

A

Wraps around posterior femur

Supplies head and neck of femur

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8
Q

What artery can be damaged in femoral neck fractures

Consequence of this

A

Medial femoral circumflex artery

Avascular necrosis of head of femur

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9
Q

Course and termination of femoral artery

A

Arises in femoral triangle
Leaves femoral triangle
Continues down anterior thigh via adductor canal
During descent it supplies anterior thigh muscles
Becomes popliteal artery at border between anterior/posterior thigh (adductor hiatus)

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10
Q

What procedures is the femoral artery accessed in

A

Coronary angiography

Measuring arterial blood gases

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11
Q

Describe coronary angiography

A

Femoral artery is catheterised with a long tube which is navigated by the external iliac artery, common lilac artery, aorta and coronary arteries
Radioactive dye is injected into coronary arteries to visualise blockages/narrowing via X-ray

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12
Q

Where is the femoral artery accessed

A

Within femoral triangle as its superficial and can be easily located

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13
Q

Course of obturator artery

A

Arises from internal iliac artery in pelvic region

Descends via obturator canal to enter medial thigh

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14
Q

Termination of obturator artery

A

Bifurcates within the medial thigh into 2 branches:
Anterior branch
Posterior branch

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15
Q

What does the anterior branch of obturator artery supply

A

Pectineus
Obturator externus
Adductor muscles
Gracilis

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16
Q

What does the posterior branch of obturator artery supply

A

Some deep gluteal muscles

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17
Q

What do the superior and inferior gluteal arteries supply

A

Most of gluteal region

Inferior gluteal artery also contributes to supply of posterior thigh

18
Q

Course of superior gluteal artery

A

Arises from internal iliac artery
Enters gluteal region via greater sciatic foramen
Leaves this foramen above piriformis

19
Q

Course of inferior gluteal artery

A

Arises from internal iliac artery
Enters gluteal region via greater sciatic foramen
Leaves this foramen below piriformis

20
Q

Course of popliteal artery

A

Descends down posterior thigh

Moves through popliteal fossa, exiting between gastrocnemius and popliteus

21
Q

What branch arises from the popliteal artery

What does it supply

A

Genicular branches

Supply knee joint

22
Q

Termination of popliteal artery

A

At lower border of popliteal fossa it divides into:
Anterior tibial artery
Posterior tibial artery

23
Q

Course of posterior tibial artery

A

Continues inferiorly along surface of deep muscles

It accompanies the tibial nerve in entering the sole of the foot via the tarsal tunnel

24
Q

What branch arises from posterior tibial artery

A

Fibular artery

25
Q

Course and function of fibular artery

A

Moves laterally and penetrates lateral compartment of leg

Supplies muscles in lateral compartment and adjacent muscles in posterior compartment

26
Q

Course of anterior tibial artery

A

Passes anteriorly between tibia and fibular through gap in interosseus membrane
Moves inferiorly down leg and enters foot

27
Q

Termination of posterior tibial artery

A

Divides in the foot into:
Lateral plantar artery
Medial plantar artery

28
Q

Termination of anterior tibial artery

A

Enters the foot and becomes the dorsal pedis artery

29
Q

Arterial supply of foot

A

Dorsalis pedis artery

Posterior tibial artery

30
Q

Course of dorsal pedis artery

A

Passes over dorsal aspect of tarsal bones
Moves inferiorly towards sole
Anastomoses with lateral plantar artery to form the deep plantar arch

31
Q

What does the dorsal pedis artery supply

A

Tarsals
Dorsal aspect of metatarsals
Contributes to supply of toes

32
Q

What do the medial and lateral plantar arteries supply

A

Plantar aspect of foot

Contributes to supply of toes

33
Q

What are the 3 main pulse points in the lower limb

Where are they palpated

A

Femoral pulse - mid inguinal point
Popliteal pulse - popliteal fossa (easier to palpate if fossa is relaxed - ask patient to slightly flex leg)
Dorsalis pedis pulse - dorsum of foot, lateral to extensor hallucis longus tendon

34
Q

What is the main artery of lower limb

A

Femoral artery

35
Q

What are the genicular arteries

A

Superior medial
Inferior medial
Superior lateral
Inferior lateral

36
Q

How do you assess arterial occlusion in the lower limb

A

Ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI)

37
Q

How do you obtain an ABPI and what is the normal range of values

A

Lie patient supine to prevent gravity effecting results
Use Doppler ultrasound probe to amplify sound of arterial blood flow
Measure systolic pressure in arm and ankle
ABPI= Pleg/Parm
Normal range is 0.9-1.2

38
Q

What does a lower than normal ABPI mean

A

Arterial peripheral disease (cause of intermittent claudication)

39
Q

Treatment for peripheral arterial disease

A

Antiplatelets (aspirin)

Risk factor modification

40
Q

Signs of acute ischaemia

A 
Pain
Paraesthesia
Pulseless
Pale
Paralysed
Cold

MSK (87 decks)

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