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MSK > Arches of the foot > Flashcards

Arches of the foot Flashcards

1
Q

What are the arches of the foot

A

Medial longitudinal
Lateral longitudinal
Anterior transverse

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2
Q

Functions of arches

A

Weight bearing
Shock absorbers
Give flexibility to allow walking and running

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3
Q

What forms the medial longitudinal arch

A 
Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
3 cuneiforms 
Metatarsals 1-3
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4
Q

What muscles support the medial longitudinal arch

A 
Tibialis anterior
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus 
Fibularis longus 
Intrinsic foot muscles
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5
Q

What ligaments support the medial longitudinal arch

A

Plantar ligaments

Medial ligament of ankle

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6
Q

Which longitudinal arch is higher

A

Medial

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7
Q

What forms the lateral longitudinal arch

A

Calcaneus
Cuboid
Metatarsals 4-5

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8
Q

What muscles support the lateral longitudinal arch

A

Fibularis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Intrinsic muscles of foot

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9
Q

What ligaments support the lateral longitudinal arch

A

Plantar ligaments

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10
Q

What forms the transverse arch

A

Metatarsals
Cuboid
3 cuneiforms
(In coronal plane)

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11
Q

What muscles support the transverse arch

A

Fibularis longus

Tibialis posterior

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12
Q

What ligaments support the transverse arch

A

Plantar ligaments

Deep transverse metatarsal ligaments

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13
Q

What is pes cavus

A

High medial longitudinal arch

Diminished ability to shock absorb so more stress is placed on ball and heel of foot

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14
Q

Symptoms of pes cavus

A

Pain in foot which can radiate to ankle, leg, thigh or hip

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15
Q

Causes of pes cavus

A

Primary - idiopathic, hereditary, congenital e.g club foot

Secondary - neuromuscular damage e.g poliomyelitis

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16
Q

Treatment for pes cavus

A

Use special shoes or sole cushioning inserts

Weight loss to reduce amount of weight the foot has to bear

17
Q

What is pes planus

A

Longitudinal arches have been lost or don’t form (develop at 2-3) leading to abnormally flattened feet

18
Q

Causes of pes planus

A

Damage to tendons involved in arches

19
Q

Symptoms of pes planus

A

Usually asymptomatic
In children, foot and ankle pain
In adults, foot and ankle ache after prolonged activity

20
Q

Treatment for pes planus

A

Use of arch supporting inserts for shoes

MSK (87 decks)

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