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z:Anat 200 > Part 9: Gastrointestinal system II > Flashcards

Part 9: Gastrointestinal system II Flashcards

1
Q

stomach is _____ that is where? vasculature from? function?

A

Muscular sac that stores food temporarily
Intraperitoneal in LUQ
Vasculature from celiac trunk (foregut)

Mechanically breaks down bolus of food (mixing & churning - segmentation) -Through contractions of muscular wall
Chemically & enzymatically digests food -Through actions of secreted acid & enzymes
Mixes bolus & gastric juices to form chyme (viscous, acidic, soupy mixture)

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2
Q

label stomach

A

blue: fundus
green: greater curvature
red: body
yellow: pyloric canal
purple: lesser curvature
orange: cardia

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3
Q

stomach epithelium

A

simple columnar epithelium

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4
Q

folds in stomach epithelium is ____

A

rugae

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5
Q

___ layers of smooth muscle in stomach wall : _______

A

3 layers of smooth muscles: inner oblique, middle circular, outer longitudinal

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6
Q

gastric gland cell label

A

yellow: surface mucous cell -> mucous
teal: mucous neck cell -> mucous
pink: parietal cell -> HCl
purple: chief cell -> pepsin, lipase
blue: neuroendocrine cell -> gastrin

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7
Q

small & large intestines epithelium

A

simple columnar epithelium

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8
Q

small intestine parts

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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9
Q

small intestine is specialized for ____

A

absorption: circular folds (plicae circulares), villi, & microvilli

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10
Q

small intestine is where?

A

intraperitoneal (exception: most of the duodenum)

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11
Q

small intestine starts from _____to the ____;found in all _____

A

pyloric orifice of the stomach
ileocecal valve (beginning of large intestine)
quadrants

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12
Q

Duodenum (descr.) + where? receives __ from stomach, secretions of ____ (via ___)

A

25 cm C-shaped segment in RUQ
Both intra & retroperitoneal
Receives chyme from stomach
Receives secretions of pancreas & liver (via gallbladder)

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13
Q

Duodenum is responsible for digestion of _______

A

fat, proteins, & sugars

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14
Q

Vasculature of duodenum is _____

A

anastomosis of the celiac (C) & SMA branches

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15
Q

_____ provide abundant alkaline mucous to ______ entering duodenum (with pancreatic buffers)

A

Brunner’s glands
neutralize acid contents

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16
Q

Brunner’s glands found in ____

A

submucosal layer

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17
Q

Bile secreted by ____& stored in the _____into the duodenum- aid in digestion of ____

A

Liver
gallbladder
lipids

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18
Q

Chyme in duodenum stimulates mucosa to produce hormones (____) to release _____.

A

secretin & cholecystokinin - CCK
pancreatic juice & bile

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19
Q

pancreas secretes enzymes though ____ that aid in digestion _____ + _____

A

hepatopancreatic ampulla
of fats, proteins, & carbs + bicarbonate buffer

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20
Q

pancreas is where?

A
  • Posterior to stomach, between duodenum & spleen
  • Retroperitoneal (upper quadrants)
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21
Q

pancreas vasculature

A

anastomosis of celiac & SMA branches

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22
Q

pancreas is ____ gland

A

endocrine & exocrine gland

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23
Q

pancreas secretion + function

A

Secretes digestive enzymes –>Digest food in small intestine
Secretes bicarbonate buffer –>Neutralizes acidic chyme from stomach, Establishes alkaline pH for pancreatic digestive enzymes

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24
Q

pancreas anatomy

A

red: abdominal aorta
green: splenic artery
blue: main pancreatic duct (into hepatopancreatic ampulla)
purple: splenic vein

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25
endocrine secretion of pancreas
-Hormones such as glucagon (alpha), insulin (beta), & somatostatin (delta) by cells in Islets of Langerhans
26
Exocrine secretion (pancreatic juice) of pancreas
Pancreatic acini -functional unit of exocrine pancreas, secretes juice Water, ions, & digestive enzymes Buffers (sodium bicarbonate) Neutralize acidic chyme, break down ingested material
27
Pancreatic acinus: 2 types of cells
Acinar cells secrete digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase, proteinase) Centroacinar cells secrete bicarbonate buffer & regulate pre-enzyme release from acinar cells
28
label pancreatic acinus
yellow: secretory granules purple: acinar cells (secretory unit) blue: duct red: centroacinar cells (bicarbonate production)
29
Pancreatic duct picks up ______secretion to the _____. _____merges with the main pancreatic duct Enters the duodenum at the ______
exocrine duodenum Bile duct hepatopancreatic ampulla (of Vater)
30
Largest gland in the body
liver
31
liver is where? serves a wide variety of ____, both ____ functions
intraperitoneal - upper quadrants metabolic & secretory functions endocrine & exocrine
32
vasculature of liver
celiac trunk (hepatic artery) & hepatic portal vein
33
major functions of liver
-metabolic regulation (carbohydrate, protein, fat)--> regulates levels of nutrients, remove toxic compounds + waste absorbed from intestines -hematological regulation --> destroy old RBC, pathogens, secretes plasma proteins into blood -synthesis & secretion of bile
34
bile contains ____
water, ions, bilirubin, bile salts
35
label liver
red: left lobe blue: right lobe orange: gall bladder black: portal triad : bile duct, hepatic artery proper, hepatic portal vein yellow: left hepatic vein green: inferior vena cava
36
spleen is behind/beside ___
stomach
37
Blood with appropriate levels of metabolites is carried from liver to_____by ____
inferior vena cava (left & right) hepatic veins
38
Large lipids delivered directly to the general circulation via the _____
lymphatic system
39
label histology of liver
(top: left to right) interlobular septum (CT) bile canaliculi sinusoid kupffer cell (macrophage) central vein (bottom: left to right) liver lobules made of hepatocytes portal area hepatocytes (epithelium of liver)
40
Set of (exocrine) surfaces that face each hepatocytes (epithelial tight junctions) form small channels called _____. secrete ___ into it
canaliculi bile
41
Bile from the liver is concentrated & stored in the ________(muscular sac)
gallbladder
42
label gallbladder + ducts
blue: gallbladder top to bottom: neck, body, fundus green: hepatic ducts: left + right red: common hepatic ducts yellow: cystic duct purple: bile duct
43
Hepatopancreatic sphincter closed - bile flows into _____
gallbladder via cystic duct
44
Hepatopancreatic sphincter open - bile flows into _____
duodenum via bile duct
45
Presence of chyme in duodenum induces release of hormone ______ which induces _____
cholecystokinin (CCK) relaxation of sphincter & contraction of the gallbladder
46
Jejunum is where? vasculature? begins at?
2nd segment, upper quadrants, intraperitoneal SMA & vein (midgut) Begins at the duodenojejunal flexure
47
jejunum is responsible for _____. descr.
Majority of nutrient absorption: Thicker walls, larger diameter, & redder in colour than ileum
48
the jejunum has ____ that are usually more in number than ___
Larger plicae circulares (folds) ileum
49
ileum is where? vasculature?
lower quadrants, intraperitoneal SMA & vein (midgut)
50
ileum is responsible for _____
Absorption of the remaining nutrients
51
ileum connects to _______ via _____
large intestine (cecum) Ileocecal valve
52
ileum contains _______ which protects small intestine from _____
Lymph nodules (Peyer’s patches) protects from colonic bacteria
53
SA of small intestine _____ due to ___
large (2 million cm2) villi
54
epithelium of villus cells + function
(top to bottom) Absorptive cell (main epithelial cell)- has microvilli Goblet cell (mucin)/mucus Enteroendocrine cell (regulators by releasing many hormones) Paneth cell (immunity: secretions kill some bacteria – determine gut flora)
55
sugar digested into ____ proteins "" into ___ both enter ______
monosaccharides a.a hepatic portal circulation through capillary
56
fats digested to become --> _____ --> ____ --> _____ which enters _____
fatty acids chylomicrons chyle thoracic duct (lymph vessel) through lacteals (smalle lymph vessels -like capillaries)
57
large intestine where? vasculature?
all quadrants; Both intra (cecum, transverse, & sigmoid) & retroperitoneal (ascending, descending, rectum) SMA & IMA & veins (midgut & hindgut)
58
large intestine parts
Cecum (appendix), ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid colon, rectum
59
large intestine functions
-Reabsorbs water & electrolytes -Absorbs important vitamins produced by colonic bacteria (no digestive enzyme) -e.g. vitamin K, vitamin B12 -Compacts & stores (rectum) feces
60
label large intestine
left: top to bottom -right colic (hepatic) flexure -ascending colon -ileocecal valve -cecum -appendix right: top to bottom -transverse colon -left colic (splenic) fixture -descending colon -teniae coli = longitudinal smooth muscle layer -haustrum (haustra) -rectum (middle) sigmoid colon
61
teniae coli is ______
Longitudinal layer of smooth muscle come together in large intesine
62
colonic epithelium (epithelium for colon) has more ___
goblet cells to produce mucus to move things to rectum
63
colonic epithelium has this instead of this (seen in small intestine)
crypts (invaginations) villi
64
label colonic epithelium
green: colonic gland (crypt) blue: lymphoid nodule red: absorptive cell yellow: goblet cell
65
rectum epithelium
Simple columnar epithelium
66
rectum is ____
Temporary storage for feces
67
fullness of rectum triggers _____
the urge to defecate (into the anal canal)
68
label top to bottom
rectum anus
69
anal canal epithelium
From non keratinized to keratinized (skin) stratified squamous epithelium
70
innervation of anal canal + muscle type
Part autonomic (smooth muscle – internal anal sphincter) & part somatic (external anal sphincter)
71
The _______ represents the transition point from _____of the anal canal to ______of the anus
anocutaneous line non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
72
black: Iliococcygeus grey: puborectalis green: internal anal sphincter yellow: anocutaneous line orange: external anal sphincter

z:Anat 200 (23 decks)

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