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z:Anat 200 > Part 1: body organization & terminology > Flashcards

Part 1: body organization & terminology Flashcards

1
Q

gross anatomy studies structures that…

A

can be examined without a microscope

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2
Q

histology (anatomy) studies structures with __ that…

A

-microscope
-form tissues

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3
Q

Function of organ is related to___

A

tissue type

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4
Q

6 levels of body organization

A

-atoms
-complex molecules
-cells
-tissues
-organs
-body

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5
Q

The body is a collection of__

A

organ systems

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6
Q

10 organ systems of the body

A

-skeletal
-muscular
-integumentary
-nervous
-circulatory
-respiratory
-endocrine
-gastrointestinal
-urinary
-reproductive

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7
Q

anatomical position (5)

A

-standing upright
-heads, eyes, toes facing forwards
-upper limbs by sides
-palms facing forwards
-thumbs outwards away from palms

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8
Q

right and left in anatomical position are (2)

A

-in reference to the subject
-looks opposite for yourself

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9
Q

8 anatomical directions

A

-superior/cranial/cephalic
-inferior/caudal
-anterior/ventral
-posterior/dorsal
-lateral
-medial
-proximal
-distal

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10
Q

superior/cranial/cephalic (def.)

A

above, towards the head, top

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11
Q

inferior/caudal (def.)

A

below, bottom, towards feet

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12
Q

anterior/ventral (def.)

A

-front of body, towards stomach

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13
Q

posterior/dorsal (def.)

A

-behind, in the back

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14
Q

lateral (def.)

A

away from midline, towards the side

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15
Q

medial (def.)

A

towards the midline, middle, center
opposite of lateral

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16
Q

proximal (def.)

A

closer to the trunk

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17
Q

distal (def.)

A

far from the trunk

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18
Q

lateral view (def.)

A

side view

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19
Q

frontal view (def.)

A

front view

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20
Q

three anatomical planes

A

-coronal/frontal
-axial/transverse/horizontal
-sagittal

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21
Q

coronal/frontal (anatomical plane)

A

-separate anterior (front) & posterior (back)

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22
Q

axial/transverse/horizontal (anatomical plane)

A

-separate superior (top) & inferior (bottom)

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23
Q

sagittal (anatomical plane)

A

-cuts down the midline

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24
Q

parasagittal (anatomical plane)

A

-any deviation to left & right from sagittal plane

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25
Q

two main body cavities

A

dorsal & ventral cavities

26
Q

dorsal cavity contains (2) sub cavities

A

superior-cranial cavity (brain + meninges)
inferior-vertebral/spinal cavity (spinal cord)

27
Q

ventral cavity contains 3 main sub cavities (1 sub cavity has 2 sub cavities)

A

-thoracic (chest) –> pericardial (heart), pleural (lungs)
-abdominal
-pelvic

28
Q

2 differences between dorsal and ventral cavities

A

-dorsal body cavity posterior to ventral cavity
-dorsal cavity is smaller than ventral cavity

29
Q

arm in anatomical language is ___

A

upper extremity/limb

30
Q

leg in anatomical language is ____

A

lower extremity/limb

31
Q

extension (def.)

A

increasing the angle

32
Q

flexion (def.)

A

decreasing the angle

33
Q

extension: upper/lower limb at shoulder + hip joint

A

limb moves in posterior direction

34
Q

flexion: upper/lower limb at shoulder + hip joint

A

limb moves in anterior direction

35
Q

extension: hand at wrist

A

hand moves in superior direction

36
Q

flexion: hand at wrist

A

hand moves in inferior direction

37
Q

extension: fingers

A

fingers are straight out uncurled

38
Q

flexion: fingers

A

fingers are curled in

39
Q

extension: lower limb at knee joint

A

limb moves in anterior direction

40
Q

flexion: lower limb at knee joint

A

limb moves in posterior direction

41
Q

extension: upper limb at elbow joint

A

limb moves in posterior direction

42
Q

flexion: upper limb at elbow joint

A

limb moves in anterior direction

43
Q

extension: spine

A

back moves in posterior direction

44
Q

flexion: spine

A

back moves in anterior direction

45
Q

extension: foot

A

-plantarflexion
-move foot in inferior direction (towards ground)

46
Q

flexion: foot

A

-dorsiflexion
-move foot in superior direction (towards sky)

47
Q

Abduction

A

the motion of a structure away from the midline (taking away)

48
Q

adduction

A

motion towards the center of the body (adding to body)

49
Q

lateral rotation

A

rotation away from midline of the body (away from midline)

50
Q

medial rotation

A

rotation towards the axis of the body (towards midline)

51
Q

Fingers: Opposition

A

putting the thumbs and fingers together

52
Q

Reposition

A

-restoring to natural position of thumbs and fingers

53
Q

circumduction

A

-combination of flexion, extension, adduction, abduction to move in a circular/conical direction
ex. Windmilling arms, serving tennis

54
Q

Jaw: Protrusion

A

-moving the jaw in the anterior direction

55
Q

Jaw: retrusion

A

-moving the jaw in the posterior direction

56
Q

Shoulder: Elevation

A

movement in a superior direction

57
Q

Shoulder: Depression

A

movement in an inferior direction

58
Q

Foot: Inversion

A

sole of the foot moves towards the midline of the body

59
Q

Foot: Eversion

A

sole of the foot moves away from the midline of the body

60
Q

Pronation at the forearm is a rotational movement where__

A

hand and upper arm are turned so the thumbs point towards the body (bones crossing)

61
Q

Supination at the forearm is a rotational movement where__

A

hand and upper arm are turned so the thumbs point away the body (can hold soup)

z:Anat 200 (23 decks)

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