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z:Anat 200 > Part 2: Axial skeleton > Flashcards

Part 2: Axial skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

bones # in human skeleton

A

206

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2
Q

bones # in axial skeleton

A

80

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3
Q

axial skeleton is the part of the skeleton that consists of______

A

the bones of the head and trunk of a vertebrate

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4
Q

axial skeleton parts

A

skull and associated bones
thoracic cage
vertebral column

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5
Q

bone # in skull and associated bones

A

29

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6
Q

bone # in thoracic cage

A

25

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7
Q

bone # in vertebral column

A

26

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8
Q

skull & associated bones parts

A

skull proper
others close to face/within face

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9
Q

bone # in skull

A

22

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10
Q

bone # in other bones close/within face

A

7

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11
Q

skull parts

A

cranium
face

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12
Q

bone # in cranium

A

8

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13
Q

bone # in face

A

14

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14
Q

other bones close/within face parts

A

ossicles
Hyoid

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15
Q

bone # in ossicles

A

6

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16
Q

bone # in hyoid

A

1

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17
Q

thoracic cage parts

A

sternum
ribs

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18
Q

bone # in sternum

A

1

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19
Q

bone # in ribs

A

24

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20
Q

vertebral column parts

A

vertebrae
sacrum
coccyx

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21
Q

bone # in vertebrae

A

24

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22
Q

bone # in sacrum

A

1

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23
Q

bone # in coccyx

A

1

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24
Q

4 functional roles of axial skeleton

A

1) supportive and protective framework for internal organs
2) skull houses special sensory organs
3) vertebral column & ribs provide attachment for muscles
4) respiration

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25
Q

Label 1-14 + stars

A
  1. frontal bone
  2. parietal bone
  3. occipital bone
  4. temporal bone
  5. mandible
  6. maxilla
  7. zygomatic bone
  8. sphenoid bone
  9. ethmoid bone
  10. lacrimal bone
  11. nasal bone
  12. coronal suture
  13. lambdoid suture
  14. squamous suture
    purple stars: zygomatic arch
    white stars: External auditory (acoustic) meatus
    grey stars: Styloid process
    black stars: Mastoid process (air cells)
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26
Q

Label 1-6

A
  1. frontal bone
  2. parietal bone
  3. occipital bone
  4. coronal suture
  5. sagittal suture
  6. lambdoid suture
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27
Q

Label 1-6

A
  1. parietal bone
  2. occipital bone
  3. temporal bone
  4. mandible
  5. sagittal suture
  6. lambdoid suture
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28
Q

Label 1-10

A
  1. frontal bone
  2. zygomatic bone
  3. maxilla
  4. sphenoid bone
  5. nasal bone
  6. mandible
    white asterisk: ethmoid bone
    black asterisk: inferior nasal conchae
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29
Q

Label 1-8 + black arrow

A
  1. frontal bone
  2. zygomatic bone
  3. maxilla
  4. sphenoid bone
  5. ethmoid bone
  6. lacrimal bone
  7. superior orbital fissure
  8. optic canal
    yellow bone: palatine bone
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30
Q

Label 1-12

A
  1. Maxilla
  2. Palatine bone
  3. Vomer
  4. Zygomatic bone
  5. Temporal bone
  6. Zygomatic arch
  7. Sphenoid bone
  8. Occipital bone
  9. Occipital condyle
  10. Foramen magnum
  11. Carotid canal
  12. Jugular foramen
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31
Q

Label 1-10 and black asterisk

A
  1. Frontal bone
  2. Parietal bone
  3. Temporal bone
  4. Occipital bone
  5. Sphenoid bone
  6. Ethmoid bone
  7. Vomer
  8. Maxilla
  9. Nasal bone
  10. Mandible
    * Palatine bone
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32
Q

Label 1-5 + circle

A
  1. Frontal bone
  2. Ethmoid bone
  3. Sphenoid bone
  4. Temporal bone
  5. Occipital bone

circle: sella turcica

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33
Q

The sella turcica is a _____of the human skull and houses the _____

A

saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone
pituitary gland

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34
Q

The cribriform plate is a _____ at the base of the skull and it’s important for ____

A

portion of the ethmoid bone located
sense of smell

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35
Q

The petrous portion is in ______ and its’s important for _____

A

temporal bone
hearing & balance

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36
Q

The skull base can be subdivided into 3 regions: ______

A

the anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae

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37
Q

The anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae house the _______ respectively

A

anterior frontal lobe,
temporal lobe,
cerebellum and brain stem,

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38
Q

TMJ stands for ____

A

Temporomandibular joint

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39
Q

TMJ is a _____

A

bilateral synovial articulation between the temporal bone of the skull above and the mandible below

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40
Q

parts of mandible

A

1) Body
2) Ramus
3) Coronoid process
4) Mandibular condyle

41
Q

Coronoid process of mandible is important for ____

A

muscle attachment

42
Q

neurocranium/cranium bones

A
  • Occipital (1)
  • Temporal (2)
  • Parietal (2)
  • Sphenoid (1)
  • Ethmoid (1)
  • Frontal (1)
43
Q

Viscerocranium/face bones

A
  • Mandible (1)
  • Maxilla (2)
  • Zygomatic (2)
  • Palatine (2)
  • Vomer (1)
  • Nasal (2)
  • Lacrimal (2)
  • Inferior nasal concha (2)
44
Q

label 1-4 skull cavities

A

1) cranial cavity (brain)
2) orbit (eyeball)
3) nasal cavity (drainage for air sinuses)
4) oral cavity (tongue)

45
Q

paranasal sinuses type of sinuses

A

same kind of epithelial tissue as respiratory system

46
Q

paranasal sinuses function

A

mucus production

47
Q

Label sinuses in order

A

1) frontal sinus
2) ethmoid air cells
3) sphenoidal sinus
4) maxillary sinus

48
Q

Label 1-7

A
  1. Frontal bone & sinus
  2. Ethmoid bone (superior & middle nasal conchae)
  3. Inferior nasal concha
  4. Sphenoid bone & sinus (sella turcica superiorly)
  5. Maxilla
  6. Palatine bone
  7. Nasal bone
49
Q

Infant skull has ________ which allows for _____

A

Membranous CT called fontanelles in areas where sutures will eventually form
distortion of the skull during childbirth

50
Q

4 fontanelles of skull

A

Anterior (baby’s “soft spot”)
posterior
Sphenoidal
Mastoid

51
Q

Auditory ossicles are where?

A

Within the temporal bone: middle ear

52
Q

Label ossicles in order

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

53
Q

hyoid bone is unique as it ____ and is _____

A

Does not have any bony articulations
VERY mobile

54
Q

hyoid bone serves as ______

A

points of attachment for muscles & ligaments that move tongue & larynx

55
Q

vertebral column is made of various parts: ______

A

7 cervical vertebrae
12 thoracic vertebrae
5 lumbar vertebrae
5 fused sacral vertebrae = 1 sacrum
3-5 fused coccygeal vertebrae = 1 coccyx

56
Q

vertebral column has two types of curvatures: _____

A

primary
secondary

57
Q

primary curvature of column develops _____ to accommodate ______

A

before birth
thoracic & pelvic organs

58
Q

secondary curvature of column develops _____ to accommodate ______

A

after birth
cervical (balance of head) & lumbar (weight when walking)`

59
Q

kyphosis (def.)

A

posterior curvature

60
Q

lordosis (def.)

A

anterior curvature

61
Q

parts of column that experiences kyphosis

A

thoracic
sacral

62
Q

parts of column that experiences lordosis

A

cervical
lumbar

63
Q

Label vertebral anatomy

A
  1. Vertebral body (anterior)
  2. Vertebral arch (pedicle-red + lamina-orange)
  3. Transverse process (lateral)
  4. Spinous process (posterior)
  5. Articular processes (superior & inferior - also called zygapophyseal processes)
  6. Vertebral foramen
64
Q

Intervertebral joint (def.)

A

intervertebral disc (fibrocartilage) attached between two adjacent vertebrae (secondary cartilaginous joint)

65
Q

Zygapophyseal joint (def.)

A

joint between two adjacent articular processes (synovial joint - movement depends on the location of the vertebral column) superior & inferior articular
processes

66
Q

vertebral canal house the ____

A

spinal cord and meninges

67
Q

Label column

A

purple: Intervertebral joint
yellow: Zygapophyseal joint
red: Vertebral canal

68
Q

Label intervertebral disc

A

red: annulus fibrosus - tough exterior
blue: nucleus pulposus -soft inner core

69
Q

herniation is due to _____

A

bulging of nucleus pulposus after a tear in annulus fibrosus of intervertebral disc

70
Q

herniated intervertebral dis compressing a spinal nerve leads to _____

A

pinched nerve/sciatica

71
Q

cervical vertebrae characteristics

A

-smallest body but largest foramen
-short spinous process (posterior) & bifurcated -divides into 2 branches

72
Q

cervical vertebrae allows for movement of ____

73
Q

cervical vertebrae transverse foramen has ____

A

a hole allows for passage of carotid + vertebral artery going up to the brain

74
Q

C7 differs from other cervical vertebrae by having a _____

A

long prominent spinous process; can be felt at the back of the neck

75
Q

C1 differs from other cervical vertebrae by ____

A

not having a body

76
Q

X is ____ which allows for ____

A

dens of axis (C2)
rotation

77
Q

_______is a _____ joint between occipital condyles & C1 and it allows for _____

A

Atlanto-occipital joint
synovial
flexion of head up & down

78
Q

_____ is a _____ joint between C1 & C2 and it allows us to turn our _____

A

Atlanto-axial joint
synovial
head to turn side-to-side

79
Q

Cervical (zygapophyseal) joints allows for ______

A

flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation of the head

80
Q

thoracic vertebrae characteristics

A

Heart shaped body, smaller vertebral foramen

81
Q

thoracic vertebrae supports weight of _____

A

head & upper limbs

82
Q

Costovertebral joint are _______between thoracic vertebra & associated rib
(coastal facets)

A

two synovial joints

83
Q

what are these?

A

Costovertebral joints

84
Q

Costovertebral joints allows the rib to ______

A

move during respiration (changes in thoracic cage volume)

85
Q

Thoracic (zygapophyseal) joints allows for _____

A

lateral flexion & rotation of the trunk

86
Q

label these

A

red:Manubrium
green: Body
blue: Xiphoid process

87
Q

parts of Thoracic cage

A
  1. Sternum
  2. Costal cartilages
  3. Ribs (12)
  4. Thoracic vertebrae
88
Q

costal cartilage is ___

A

hyaline cartilage

89
Q

Ribs 1-7 are ___attached by ___ to ______

A

true ribs
costal cartilage
sternum

90
Q

Ribs 8-10 are ___attached by ___ to ______

A

false ribs
costal margin
ends of sternum body

91
Q

Ribs 11-12 are ____ attached by____

A

floating ribs
no costal cartilage

92
Q

Label

A

blue: tubercle of rib
red: angle

93
Q

label

A

blue: body
green: angle
red: costal groove

94
Q

costal groove has _____ under bone

A

innervation + vasculature

95
Q

lumbar vertebrae characteristics

A

large as they support the eight of body
large processes for strong muscles
small vertebral foramen

96
Q

Lumbar (zygapophyseal) joints allows_____

A

flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation of the trunk

97
Q

label

A

green: sacrum
red: coccyx

98
Q

sacrum: ______ articulates with L5

A

Sacral promontory

99
Q

______ of sacrum articulates with pelvis via ______ joint called ______joint)

A

Auricular surface
strong synovial joint
sacroiliac [SI]

z:Anat 200 (23 decks)

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