Part 2: Axial skeleton Flashcards
1
Q
bones # in human skeleton
A
206
2
Q
bones # in axial skeleton
A
80
3
Q
axial skeleton is the part of the skeleton that consists of______
A
the bones of the head and trunk of a vertebrate
4
Q
axial skeleton parts
A
skull and associated bones
thoracic cage
vertebral column
5
Q
bone # in skull and associated bones
A
29
6
Q
bone # in thoracic cage
A
25
7
Q
bone # in vertebral column
A
26
8
Q
skull & associated bones parts
A
skull proper
others close to face/within face
9
Q
bone # in skull
A
22
10
Q
bone # in other bones close/within face
A
7
11
Q
skull parts
A
cranium
face
12
Q
bone # in cranium
A
8
13
Q
bone # in face
A
14
14
Q
other bones close/within face parts
A
ossicles
Hyoid
15
Q
bone # in ossicles
A
6
16
Q
bone # in hyoid
A
1
17
Q
thoracic cage parts
A
sternum
ribs
18
Q
bone # in sternum
A
1
19
Q
bone # in ribs
A
24
20
Q
vertebral column parts
A
vertebrae
sacrum
coccyx
21
Q
bone # in vertebrae
A
24
22
Q
bone # in sacrum
A
1
23
Q
bone # in coccyx
A
1
24
Q
4 functional roles of axial skeleton
A
1) supportive and protective framework for internal organs
2) skull houses special sensory organs
3) vertebral column & ribs provide attachment for muscles
4) respiration
25
Label 1-14 + stars
1. frontal bone
2. parietal bone
3. occipital bone
4. temporal bone
5. mandible
6. maxilla
7. zygomatic bone
8. sphenoid bone
9. ethmoid bone
10. lacrimal bone
11. nasal bone
12. coronal suture
13. lambdoid suture
14. squamous suture
purple stars: zygomatic arch
white stars: External auditory (acoustic) meatus
grey stars: Styloid process
black stars: Mastoid process (air cells)
26
Label 1-6
1. frontal bone
2. parietal bone
3. occipital bone
4. coronal suture
5. sagittal suture
6. lambdoid suture
27
Label 1-6
1. parietal bone
2. occipital bone
3. temporal bone
4. mandible
5. sagittal suture
6. lambdoid suture
28
Label 1-10
1. frontal bone
2. zygomatic bone
3. maxilla
4. sphenoid bone
9. nasal bone
10. mandible
white asterisk: ethmoid bone
black asterisk: inferior nasal conchae
29
Label 1-8 + black arrow
1. frontal bone
2. zygomatic bone
3. maxilla
4. sphenoid bone
5. ethmoid bone
6. lacrimal bone
7. superior orbital fissure
8. optic canal
yellow bone: palatine bone
30
Label 1-12
1. Maxilla
2. Palatine bone
3. Vomer
4. Zygomatic bone
5. Temporal bone
6. Zygomatic arch
7. Sphenoid bone
8. Occipital bone
9. Occipital condyle
10. Foramen magnum
11. Carotid canal
12. Jugular foramen
31
Label 1-10 and black asterisk
1. Frontal bone
2. Parietal bone
3. Temporal bone
4. Occipital bone
5. Sphenoid bone
6. Ethmoid bone
7. Vomer
8. Maxilla
9. Nasal bone
10. Mandible
* Palatine bone
32
Label 1-5 + circle
1. Frontal bone
2. Ethmoid bone
3. Sphenoid bone
4. Temporal bone
5. Occipital bone
circle: sella turcica
33
The sella turcica is a _____of the human skull and houses the _____
saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone
pituitary gland
34
The cribriform plate is a _____ at the base of the skull and it's important for ____
portion of the ethmoid bone located
sense of smell
35
The petrous portion is in ______ and its's important for _____
temporal bone
hearing & balance
36
The skull base can be subdivided into 3 regions: ______
the anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae
37
The anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae house the _______ respectively
anterior frontal lobe,
temporal lobe,
cerebellum and brain stem,
38
TMJ stands for ____
Temporomandibular joint
39
TMJ is a _____
bilateral synovial articulation between the temporal bone of the skull above and the mandible below
40
parts of mandible
1) Body
2) Ramus
3) Coronoid process
4) Mandibular condyle
41
Coronoid process of mandible is important for ____
muscle attachment
42
neurocranium/cranium bones
* Occipital (1)
* Temporal (2)
* Parietal (2)
* Sphenoid (1)
* Ethmoid (1)
* Frontal (1)
43
Viscerocranium/face bones
* Mandible (1)
* Maxilla (2)
* Zygomatic (2)
* Palatine (2)
* Vomer (1)
* Nasal (2)
* Lacrimal (2)
* Inferior nasal concha (2)
44
label 1-4 skull cavities
1) cranial cavity (brain)
2) orbit (eyeball)
3) nasal cavity (drainage for air sinuses)
4) oral cavity (tongue)
45
paranasal sinuses type of sinuses
same kind of epithelial tissue as respiratory system
46
paranasal sinuses function
mucus production
47
Label sinuses in order
1) frontal sinus
2) ethmoid air cells
3) sphenoidal sinus
4) maxillary sinus
48
Label 1-7
1. Frontal bone & sinus
2. Ethmoid bone (superior & middle nasal conchae)
3. Inferior nasal concha
4. Sphenoid bone & sinus (sella turcica superiorly)
5. Maxilla
6. Palatine bone
7. Nasal bone
49
Infant skull has ________ which allows for _____
Membranous CT called fontanelles in areas where sutures will eventually form
distortion of the skull during childbirth
50
4 fontanelles of skull
Anterior (baby’s “soft spot”)
posterior
Sphenoidal
Mastoid
51
Auditory ossicles are where?
Within the temporal bone: middle ear
52
Label ossicles in order
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
53
hyoid bone is unique as it ____ and is _____
Does not have any bony articulations
VERY mobile
54
hyoid bone serves as ______
points of attachment for muscles & ligaments that move tongue & larynx
55
vertebral column is made of various parts: ______
7 cervical vertebrae
12 thoracic vertebrae
5 lumbar vertebrae
5 fused sacral vertebrae = 1 sacrum
3-5 fused coccygeal vertebrae = 1 coccyx
56
vertebral column has two types of curvatures: _____
primary
secondary
57
primary curvature of column develops _____ to accommodate ______
before birth
thoracic & pelvic organs
58
secondary curvature of column develops _____ to accommodate ______
after birth
cervical (balance of head) & lumbar (weight when walking)`
59
kyphosis (def.)
posterior curvature
60
lordosis (def.)
anterior curvature
61
parts of column that experiences kyphosis
thoracic
sacral
62
parts of column that experiences lordosis
cervical
lumbar
63
Label vertebral anatomy
1. Vertebral body (anterior)
2. Vertebral arch (pedicle-red + lamina-orange)
3. Transverse process (lateral)
4. Spinous process (posterior)
5. Articular processes (superior & inferior - also called zygapophyseal processes)
6. Vertebral foramen
64
Intervertebral joint (def.)
intervertebral disc (fibrocartilage) attached between two adjacent vertebrae (secondary cartilaginous joint)
65
Zygapophyseal joint (def.)
joint between two adjacent articular processes (synovial joint - movement depends on the location of the vertebral column) superior & inferior articular
processes
66
vertebral canal house the ____
spinal cord and meninges
67
Label column
purple: Intervertebral joint
yellow: Zygapophyseal joint
red: Vertebral canal
68
Label intervertebral disc
red: annulus fibrosus - tough exterior
blue: nucleus pulposus -soft inner core
69
herniation is due to _____
bulging of nucleus pulposus after a tear in annulus fibrosus of intervertebral disc
70
herniated intervertebral dis compressing a spinal nerve leads to _____
pinched nerve/sciatica
71
cervical vertebrae characteristics
-smallest body but largest foramen
-short spinous process (posterior) & bifurcated -divides into 2 branches
72
cervical vertebrae allows for movement of ____
head
73
cervical vertebrae transverse foramen has ____
a hole allows for passage of carotid + vertebral artery going up to the brain
74
C7 differs from other cervical vertebrae by having a _____
long prominent spinous process; can be felt at the back of the neck
75
C1 differs from other cervical vertebrae by ____
not having a body
76
X is ____ which allows for ____
dens of axis (C2)
rotation
77
_______is a _____ joint between occipital condyles & C1 and it allows for _____
Atlanto-occipital joint
synovial
flexion of head up & down
78
_____ is a _____ joint between C1 & C2 and it allows us to turn our _____
Atlanto-axial joint
synovial
head to turn side-to-side
79
Cervical (zygapophyseal) joints allows for ______
flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation of the head
80
thoracic vertebrae characteristics
Heart shaped body, smaller vertebral foramen
81
thoracic vertebrae supports weight of _____
head & upper limbs
82
Costovertebral joint are _______between thoracic vertebra & associated rib
(coastal facets)
two synovial joints
83
what are these?
Costovertebral joints
84
Costovertebral joints allows the rib to ______
move during respiration (changes in thoracic cage volume)
85
Thoracic (zygapophyseal) joints allows for _____
lateral flexion & rotation of the trunk
86
label these
red:Manubrium
green: Body
blue: Xiphoid process
87
parts of Thoracic cage
1. Sternum
2. Costal cartilages
3. Ribs (12)
4. Thoracic vertebrae
88
costal cartilage is ___
hyaline cartilage
89
Ribs 1-7 are ___attached by ___ to ______
true ribs
costal cartilage
sternum
90
Ribs 8-10 are ___attached by ___ to ______
false ribs
costal margin
ends of sternum body
91
Ribs 11-12 are ____ attached by____
floating ribs
no costal cartilage
92
Label
blue: tubercle of rib
red: angle
93
label
blue: body
green: angle
red: costal groove
94
costal groove has _____ under bone
innervation + vasculature
95
lumbar vertebrae characteristics
large as they support the eight of body
large processes for strong muscles
small vertebral foramen
96
Lumbar (zygapophyseal) joints allows_____
flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation of the trunk
97
label
green: sacrum
red: coccyx
98
sacrum: ______ articulates with L5
Sacral promontory
99
______ of sacrum articulates with pelvis via ______ joint called ______joint)
Auricular surface
strong synovial joint
sacroiliac [SI]
