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z:Anat 200 > Part 7: Respiratory system > Flashcards

Part 7: Respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of respir. system

A

-Exchange of gas between the atmosphere and the blood
-Filtration, temperature regulation & humidification of inspired air
-Olfaction - sense of smell
-Production of sound

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2
Q

label parts of system

A

blue: nasal cavity
purple: nose
orange: larynx
yellow: trachea
black: smaller airways
grey: diaphragm
green: lungs
red: pharynx

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3
Q

upper division of respiratory system function & infection

A

-filtering and warming air
-cold

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4
Q

lower division of respiratory system function & infection

A

-filtering, respiratory action
-pneumonia bronchitis

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5
Q

upper RS and lower RS separated by ____

A

larynx

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6
Q

Two functional portions of RS

A

-conducting portion -brings air in/out of lungs
-respiratory portion - where gas exchange happens

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7
Q

label upper RS

A

blue: external nares
green: nasal vestibule (can pinch)
yellow: conchae (bony shells covered in mucosa)
red: internal nares (end of nasal cavity)
black: nasopharynx
grey: eustachian tube - connected to middle ear (air filled chamber)
orange: oropharynx
purple: epiglottis
pink: laryngopharynx

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8
Q

conchae (aka ____) increase ____

A

turbinate
SA to warm the air

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9
Q

hard palate separates ____

A

nasal and oral cavities

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10
Q

swallowing mechanism

A

1) tongue pushes bolus against hard palate
2) tongue pushes bolus backwards into soft palate
3) bolus is in oropharynx
4) larynx moves up closing epiglottis

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11
Q

label

A

1) hard palate
2) soft palate
3) tongue
4) bolus
5) epiglottis
6) larynx
7) trachea

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12
Q

this is the ____ : the site where _____

A

root (hilum) of the lung
blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves & airways enter and leave lungs

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13
Q

label lateral view of lungs

A

red: apex
green: horizontal fissure
blue: oblique fissure
purple: base
grey: superior
black: inferior lobe - on the posterior side
yellow: middle
orange: cardiac notch
pink: lingula

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14
Q

each lobe in lung is ___

A

almost completely separate

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15
Q

label medial view

A

blue: hilum
yellow: superior
green: middle
grey: inferior
black: horizontal fissure
red: oblique fissure
orange: cardiac impression ( + aortic impression around hilum)

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16
Q

pleura of lungs are a ___ membrane + function

A

serous membrane (split into left and right pleura cavity)
reduces friction during respiration

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17
Q

label pleura + function

A

red- parietal pleura: covers inside of body wall (ribs + diaphragm included)
blue - visceral pleura: covers lungs

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18
Q

space between pleura is _____

A

intrapleural space (has serous fluid)

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19
Q

the pleural recesses are ____ that provide _____

A

-parts of the pleura that extend past lungs
-additional space for the lungs to expand during forced inspiration

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20
Q

pleura folds ____

A

in on itself to create two layers

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21
Q

label major airways

A

blue: trachea
red: primary bronchi
yellow: secondary & tertiary bronchi
green: bronchioles
purple: terminal bronchioles (last part of conducting portion of RS)

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22
Q

this is the distinguishing feature of conducting RS

A

cartilage rings

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23
Q

label

A

blue: esophagus
green: cartilage rings
red: smooth muscle
yellow: trachea
purple: larynx
black: primary bronchi

24
Q

bronchioles have no ____

25
terminal bronchiole vs respiratory bronchioles
no alveoli vs some alveoli
26
alveoli has highly associated with _____
capillaries
27
label terminal airways
blue: terminal bronchiole (last conducting airway) orange: respiratory bronchioles purple: alveolar ducts green: alveolar sac
28
conducting airways do what while respiratory do what?
-warms, moistens, and conducts air -both conduct air & respire
29
structure and function of airway wall
Cartilage -Found in larger airways , Helps keep airways open Smooth muscle- mostly in smaller airways, controls diameter of airway Elastic Fibers- predominate in smaller airways and respiratory portion
30
Constriction of smooth muscle in smaller airways reduces _____; Elastic recoil provides _____
airflow force for expiration
31
Smooth muscle contraction in bronchioles caused by:
Parasympathetic nerve stimulation Mediators of allergic reactions (histamine)
32
asthmatic airway during attack has ___
tightened smooth muscle with inflamed and thickened wall
33
Emphysema is the ___ which lowers ___ and reduces____. It is caused by ___
breakdown of alveolar walls SA for gas exchange; reduced efficiency elastic recoil due to loss of elastic fibers smoking, other irritants, (pollution, dust)
34
respiratory epithelium in nasal cavity, nasopharynx, large airways
-pseudostratified columnar epithelium (cilated) -mucus layer floats on serous layer
35
respiratory epithelium in oropharynx
Stratified squamous non-keratinized
36
respiratory epithelium as you move into smaller tubes (general)
-Simple columnar -Simple cuboidal -Simple squamous
37
alveolar wall is (epithelial type) ____ so ___
simple squamous epithelial (thin) so air and blood are very close together
38
How many plasma membranes does an oxygen molecule cross to pass from air space to bind a hemoglobin molecule in a red blood cell?
5
39
label path of oxygen molecule
1) alveolar epithelial cell 2) basement membrane 3+4) capillary endothelial cell 5) RBC PM
40
types of alveolar cells are ___
-lined by continuous monolayer type I alveolar cells (most of surface) -type II alveolar cells (7%)
41
Type II alveolar cells function
-produce surfactant (detergent: contains lipoproteins)- reduce surface tension of alveolar fluid -progenitor cells in injury to type I cells, multiply + differentiate into type I cells
42
surfactant prevents _____
alveolar walls from sticking together and collapsing
43
Alveolar Macrophages function
They Ingest debris in alveoli which enter airways and become trapped in mucus sheets and carried toward pharynx by ciliary action
44
label pathway
red: pulmonary vein blue: alveolar capillaries yellow: lymphatic vessel green: airway purple: pulmonary artery
45
pulmonary veins don't ____, carry ____ and travel in ___
follow pathway of bronchi oxygenated blood interlobular CT
46
pulmonary lymphatic vessels don't ____, carry ____ and travel in ___
follow pathway of bronchi extra fluid interlobular CT
47
pulmonary arteries carry ____ and travel + branch_ ___
deoxygenated blood with airways
48
each capillary is trapped ____
between two alveolar sac
49
diaphragm is ____ covered in____ + label
thin layer dome parietal pleura red -heart pericardial sac blue- inferior vena cava green - diaphragm yellow - aorta
50
pleural cavities are _____ spaces so when it expands, pressure ______. When diaphragm contracts, lungs ____ and what happens?
closed decreases expand to equalize pressure inspiration happens (air moves into lungs
51
Muscles of Quiet Breathing (____): Inhalation
Eupnea Contraction of external intercostals and diaphragm increases volume of pleural cavity, causing inhalation.
52
Muscles of Quiet Breathing: Exhalation
Relaxation of external intercostals and diaphragm decreases volume of pleural cavity, causing exhalation.
53
Muscles of Forced Inhalation
external intercostals + diaphragm (plus) muscles that elevate rib cage scalenes - elevates ribs 1-2 pectoralis minor -elevates ribs 3-5 sternocleidomastoid- elevates sternum
54
Muscles of Forced Exhalation
internal intercostals (plus) Muscles that depress the rib cage can help with exhalation abdominal wall muscles -moves ribs inferiorly, move diaphragm up
55
Exhalation(quiet breathing) is due to two things:
Relaxation of external intercostals and diaphragm Elastic recoil of lung tissue

z:Anat 200 (23 decks)

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