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z:Anat 200 > Part 11: Male reproductive system > Flashcards

Part 11: Male reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the male reproductive system

A

-Produce male gametes (spermatozoa), testosterone (sex hormone), & seminal fluid
-Temporary storage for spermatozoa
-Delivery of spermatozoa to the female reproductive tract

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2
Q

parts of reproductive system

A

Gonads (testes)
Reproductive tract (ducts)
Accessory glands
Organ of copulation (penis)

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3
Q

parts of Reproductive tract (ducts)

A

epididymis
vas deferens

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4
Q

List of Accessory glands

A

Seminal vesicles
prostate
bulbourethral glands
Pituitary gland

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5
Q

Parietal peritoneum (def.)

A

lining the peritoneal cavity (body wall) – separate the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity

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6
Q

pelvic organs are all outside (below) the _____

A

peritoneal cavity (retroperitoneal)

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7
Q

label pelvic anatomy

A

yellow: urinary bladder
red: testis
black: epididymis
orange: scrotum
grey: bulbourethral gland
gold: prostate gland & ejaculatory duct
brown: seminal vesicle
blue: retrovesicle pouch
green: ureter

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8
Q

urogenital triangle (def.)

A

anterior half of the diamond-shaped perineum; defined by pubis symphysis anteriorly and the ischial tuberosities anterolaterally

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9
Q

anal triangle (def.)

A

posterior half of the diamond-shaped perineum; defined by coccyx posteriorly and the ischial tuberosities anterolaterally

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10
Q

Perineal muscles are all innervated by _____

A

pudendal nerve (S2,3,4)

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11
Q

Muscles over erectile tissues of genitalia increases _____ & ___

A

blood flow & help with ejaculation

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12
Q

label perineal muscles

A

top
external urethral sphincter
levator ani
external anal sphincter

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13
Q

levator ani function

A

support pelvic organs (pelvic diaphragm)

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14
Q

crus (crura) = __

A

leg

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15
Q

corpus (corpora) = ___

A

body

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16
Q

Erectile tissue & surrounding muscles

A

yellow
crus of penis (attached part of corpus cavernosum) –> corpus cavernosa
associated muscle: ischiocaverosus muscle

blue
bulb of penis (attached part of corpus spongiosum) –> corpus spongiosum with urethra
associated muscle: bulbospongiosus muscle

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17
Q

The spermatic cord is a tube that has ____

A

vas deferens
pampiniform plexus
testicular artery

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18
Q

pampiniform plexus (___ ) and testicular artery (___)

A

vein
artery

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19
Q

spermatic cord + cremaster enter scrotal sac through ___

A

inguinal ring

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20
Q

Semen consists of:

A

Spermatozoa/sperm (gametes)
Secretions of accessory glands (seminal fluid)

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21
Q

Spermatogenesis (def.)

A

production of sperm

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22
Q

seminiferous tubules in ___ makes ______

A

testes
spermatozoa

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23
Q

Epididymis function. where?

A

maturation & increase motility of sperm; connected to testis

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24
Q

Vas deferens function

A

transport of sperm from scrotum to ejaculatory ducts

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25
testis is the _____ and produces _____
primary sex organ of male reproductive organ Produce sperm (gamete) & testosterone (sex hormone)
26
The ______ is a layer of fibrous tissue capsule covering the testis. It is covered by the _____.
blue: tunica albuginea red: tunica vaginalis
27
tunica albuginea is _____ and bulges _______ to form ________ where ______
-highly vascularized -posteriorly -mediastinum testis -blood, lymph & nerves enter similar to hilum
28
label testis
blue: Tunica albuginea red: Seminiferous tubules purple: Rete testis - testis connection to epididymis orange: Epididymis
29
Seminiferous tubules (descr.)
250 lobules in testis separated by septa --> 1-4 seminiferous tubule per lobule
30
Seminiferous tubules are embedded in ____
CT with blood, lymph, nerves, & interstitial cells
31
Seminiferous tubules are lined by ______. Cells present: _______
germinal/stem epithelium Spermatogenic cells (spermatogonia) - undiffer. male germ cell Sertoli cells - needed for support of spermatogenesis
32
_____, also known as _____ of the testes are found near the ______in the testicle and produce _____
Leydig cells interstitial cells seminiferous tubules testosterone
33
lumen of seminiferous tubules has ___
spermatozoa
34
Spermatogenesis (def.)
sperm formation
35
steps of spermatogenesis
1) Spermatocytogenesis: differentiation of spermatogonia into primary spermatocytes (mitosis) 2) Meiosis: reduce diploid chromosomal complement to form haploid spermatids 3) Spermiogenesis: transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa
36
Spermatogonia (def.)
germ cells (mitosis from puberty throughout life)
37
secondary spermatocytes are produced after ___
primary spermatocytes undergoes 1st meiotic division
38
spermatids are produced after ___
secondary spermatocytes undergoes 2nd meiotic division
39
sertoli (epithelial) cells support support, protect, nourish______, secrete _____, helps maintain ______, ingest _____ and establish ____
spermatogenic cells fructose-rich fluid testosterone levels for spermatogenesis excess cytoplasm of spermatozoa blood-testis barrier (tight junction)
40
At birth, testes contain only _____
spermatogonia & Sertoli cells
41
______ do not develop until puberty
Spermatocytes, spermatids, & spermatozoa
42
Spermiogenesis (def.)
Final stage of spermatogenesis; Transformation of round spermatid (haploid) into asymmetric spermatozoon
43
acrosome of spermatozoon breaks down _____; contains ______
when sperm contacts egg enzymes that bore hole in zona pellucida
44
Mitochondria in midpiece of spermatozoon produce _____
ATP that generates the beating of the flagellum
45
label spermatozoon
red: acrosome yellow: nucleus green: mitochondria blue: tail (flagellum) purple: midpiece pink: head
46
Myoid cells in ____ produce _____that help propel the contents of seminiferous tubules toward_____
seminiferous tubules rhythmic movements the rete testis (to epididymis)
47
Leydig cells (descr.) + Produce & secrete ____
- Round to polygonal cells in the interstitial regions with large central nucleus - testosterone at puberty
48
Testosterone regulates _______, Stimulates ______, influence ____
-spermatogenesis -development & maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics, growth & metabolism throughout the body -brain development
49
At puberty: ________from the hypothalamus) begins the regulation of _____ (produced by _____)
gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH FSH & LH anterior pituitary gland
50
_______ stimulates Sertoli cells to support spermatogenesis. _____ stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
51
_____ can release _____to depress the anterior pituitary from producing FSH & LH
Sertoli cells inhibin
52
label pelvic anatomy
purple: penile urethra green: external orifice blue: seminal vesicle orange: prostate gland red: ejaculatory duct pink: bulbourethral gland
53
cells of epididymis
Simple epithelium surrounded by layers of smooth muscle composed of 2 types of cells: - Tall ciliated cells (moves sperm along) - Short absorptive cells (absorbs everything released by maturing sperm)
54
_____, also called vas deferens
ductus deferens
55
vas deferens has 2 layers of _____ and move sperm via ___
2 layers of smooth muscle: move sperm via peristaltic contraction
56
vas deferens conduct sperm from ____ to ____
epididymis to seminal vesicles
57
ampulla of vas deferens (def.)
is an enlargement of the vas deferens at the fundus of the bladder which acts as a reservoir for sperm
58
ejaculatory duct = ___ + ____
seminal vesicle vas deferens
59
label posterior view
black : ureter grey : ampulla purple: seminal vesicle red: ejaculatory duct orange: prostate gland green: bulbourethral gland teal: corpus cavernosum blue: coepus spongisum
60
seminal vesicles produces ___% of seminal fluid prostate gland produces ___% of seminal fluid
70 30
61
bulbourethral gland does what?
Neutralizes & lubricates urethra
62
seminal vesicles mucosa is ______
highly amplified – great number of thin complex folds that fill lumen (epithelium cells rich in secretory glands)
63
seminal vesicles supports & increase ____. fluid contains ___ and _____
amount of secretion coagulating factors for clotting of semen high content of fructose (Energy source for sperm to enable movement of sperm towards ovum)
64
Prostate gland (descr.)
Dense walnut-sized gland below urinary bladder that surround initial portion of urethra (prostatic urethra)
65
prostate gland fluid contains _____
hydrolytic enzymes (produced by epithelium in glands) Liquefy ejaculated clotted semen Releases spermatozoa
66
bulbourethral glands secrection is ____
thick, sticky, alkaline mucous to neutralize & lubricate penile urethra
67
penis is surrounded by ____
erectile tissue
68
label cross section of penis
blue: Corpora cavernosa (deep arteries) orange: loose CT purple: Tunica albuginea --> Fibrous CT with dense collagen bundles permitting extension of erectile tissue red: Corpus spongiosum (penile/spongy urethra)
69
Erectile tissue of the penis contain_____
Large interconnecting vascular spaces lined with endothelial cells, separated by trabeculae (CT & smooth mm.)
70
Vasculature of erectile tissue
Central arteries supply blood to corpora cavernosa (within erectile tissue)/corpus spongiosum receives arterial blood from surrounding CT All corpora drained by veins in surrounding CT sheath
71
Mechanism of erection
-Parasympathetic stimulation causes vasodilation of central arteries 2. Erectile tissue (vascular spaces) becomes engorged with blood (trabeculae & smooth mm. are relaxed) 3. Peripheral veins become compressed against TA, which blocks venous outflow (produces rigidity of erectile tissue) 4. Sympathetic stimulation causes ejaculation (constriction of arteries & muscle)
72
Spongy urethra transitions between______to _______in glans of penis
urinary (transitional) epithelium stratified squamous epithelium and even keratinized
73
Urethral glands (glands of Littre) are ____(help ______with lubrication of the penile urethra)
mucous secreting all along urethra bulbourethral glands

z:Anat 200 (23 decks)

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