Part 3: Axial musculature Flashcards
Axial musculature is associated with _____
the axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, & thoracic cage)
Appendicular musculature is associated with _____
the appendicular skeleton (limbs & girdles)
Main characteristics of the axial musculature
1) Innervation by cranial nerves (CNs) or spinal nerves
2) Attachments on the axial skeleton, associated organs (e.g., eyeball), and/or soft tissue (skin of face)
Major functions of the axial musculature
1) Vision, hearing, mastication, facial expression, & swallowing
2) Upright posture & movement of the back
3) Support of abdominal & pelvic viscera
4) Respiration
5) Urination, defecation, & parturition
Four major groups of axial muscles
1) Muscles of the head & neck
2) Muscles of the back
3) Muscles of the thorax & abdomen
4)Muscles of the pelvis & perineum
Muscles of facial expression: innervated by _____
facial nerve (CN VII)
Extra-ocular muscles: innervated by _____
oculomotor (CN III), trochlear (CN IV), & abducens nerves (CN VI)
Muscles of mastication: innervated by _____
mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (CN V3)
Tongue muscles: innervated by _____
hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Pharyngeal muscles: innervated by ____
vagus nerve (CN X)
Neck muscles: innervated by ____
cranial & cervical nerves
muscles of facial expression + action
(left) Procerus: Moves nose; draws medial side of eyebrow inferiorly
Orbicularis oculi: Closes eyelids
Orbicularis oris: Purses lips; kissing
Platysma: Tenses skin of neck
(right) Occipitofrontalis (frontal belly): Raises eyebrows; wrinkles forehead
Zygomaticus major: Elevates corner of mouth; smiling
Buccinator: Tenses cheeks; helps with chewing
Label eye
- Levator palpebrae superioris (CN III) : Elevates the eyelid
- Superior rectus (CN III): Eye looks up*
- Inferior rectus (CN III): Eye looks down*
- Medial rectus (CN III): Eye looks medially
- Lateral rectus (CN VI): Eye looks laterally
- Inferior oblique (CN III): Eye rolls up & laterally
- Superior oblique (CN IV): Eye rolls down & laterally
TMJ is a ____ joint - _____ (_____)
Ellipsoid joint – bicondylar (rotation & translation)
Opening of mouth involves (TMJ) ______
1) Rotation of condyle (inferior compartment)
2) Translation of condyle (superior compartment)
Label, both are ____
Temporalis :Temporal bone to coronoid process of mandible
Masseter : Zygomatic arch to lateral side of ramus of mandible
elevators of mandible when chewing on food & closing mouth
Pterygoid plate = part of the ____
sphenoid bone
Label, both muscles come from ____
- MEDIAL pterygoid plate BUT one has a medial origin, the other a lateral origin
Lateral pterygoid: Lateral side of medial pterygoid plate to mandibular condyle; Depressor of mandible to open mouth; can also move mandible side-to-side
Medial pterygoid: Medial side of pterygoid plate to medial side of mandibular ramus; Elevator of mandible when chewing on food & closing mouth
depression of mandible & mouth opening - also side to side motion muscle
Lateral pterygoid muscle
elevation of mandible & mouth closing
Temporalis muscle
Medial pterygoid muscle
Masseter muscle
tongue itself is ____
a muscle
label tongue muscles
Palatoglossus (palate to tongue)
Styloglossus (styloid process to tongue)
Hyoglossus (hyoid bone to tongue)
Genioglossus (chin to tongue)
Label pharyngeal muscles
Tensor & levator veli palatini: tenses & elevates soft palate
Superior pharyngeal constrictor: constriction of pharynx first
Middle pharyngeal constrictor: constriction of pharynx next
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor: constriction of pharynx last
Label superficial neck muscles
Mylohyoid muscle: Mandible to hyoid
(floor of mouth) -> Tenses floor of mouth during swallowing
Digastric muscle (2 bellies) Styloid process – hyoid – mandible -> Assists in depression of mandible to open mouth wide
Suprahyoid muscles -Skull to hyoid (above hyoid) –> Elevate hyoid (& larynx)
