Part 6: Heart & organization of blood vessels Flashcards
Components of cardiovascular system
1)Pump (The heart)
2) Conducting vessels (Arteries & veins)
3) Sites for exchange with the tissues (Capillaries)
4) Drainage system for excess tissue fluids (Lymphatic vessels)
Functions of cardiovascular system
1)Maintain homeostasis
2) Transport of: Metabolites and wastes, Hormones and signaling molecules, Dissolved gas, immune cells
3) Regulation of body temperature
2 circuits of cardiovascular system
-Pulmonary circuit to the lungs
-Systemic circuit to the rest of the body
The heart has ___ pumps acting in ____ (____)
2 pumps acting in parallel (Right and left sides of heart)
The heart resides in ____ which is a ______ and bounded on the left and right by ____
-mediastinum
-a central region of the thorax within rib cage
-the lungs
mediastinum includes____
heart, the esophagus, trachea, thymus gland, and large blood vessels.
We use a casing on the heart. Are we looking at the heart?
No, we are seeing the pericadium
heart is encased within _____ called____
-a tough fibrous sac
-the pericardium/pericardial sac.
_____fluid lubricates the smooth interface between pericardial sac (parietal pericardium layer) and ____of heart.
Serous
epicardium
label
black: myocardium (muscle)
yellow: endocardium (smooth epithelial layer)
blue: parietal (serous) pericardium (smooth secretory layer)
green: fibrous pericardium (tough- doesn’t expand easily)
purple: epicardium (visceral pericardium)- smooth, single layer that secretes fluid
serous pericardium = __ + ___
epicardium (visceral pericardium)
fibrous pericardium
layers of pericardium
fibrous pericardium
parietal pericardium
(space)
epicardium
label + identify view
left: anterior view
right : posterior view
purple: superior vena cava- takes blood from upper body
orange: right atrium- gets blood from upper body
green: base - where the great vessels connect
yellow: apex - point downward to left
blue: inferior vena cava - take blood from lower body
right atrium is generally _____
thin walled
label
blue: Atrial appendage (auricle)- sticks out like a flap
orange: Right atrium
green: Coronary sinus -> blood returning from heart itself
yellow: Pectinate muscle- region that has strands to muscle -) on atrial appendage (still has endocardium)
label and name this valve? where is this valve
tricuspid value; between right atrium& ventricle
blue: Trabeculae carnae: strands of muscle
yellow: valve cusp/leaflets
green: chordae tendinae- CT that attach to appilary muscle
purple: papillary muscle - don’t close valve for keep it taut
right ventricle vs atrium
ventricle has more muscle
tricuspid value closes when ____
ventricle contracts
function of tricuspid valve
stop blood from flowing back into right atrium when ventricle contracts
label +identify valve and function
pulmonary semilunar value (3 cusps) + stops blood from going back into ventricle from pulmonary valve
blue: pulmonary trunk
green: pulmonary semilunar valve
red: pulmonary sinus (space inside cusps
label pulmonary trunk which is ___ to aorta
anterior
blue: right pulmonary artery
purple: left pulmonary artery
red: pulmonary trunk
Arteries carry blood _____. Veins carry blood______
away from the heart
to the heart
main thing we see in anterior view of heart is ____
right ventricle
label
blue: left pulmonary artery
green: left pulmonary veins
left atrium position in the heart
behind
label
blue: left pulmonary artery
yellow: left pulmonary veins
green: right pulmonary artery
pink: right pulmonary veins
purple: left atrium- blood for lungs
black: left ventricle- blood to body
atrial appendage function
for atrium to espand for more blood
left atrium like right atrium contains____
smooth portion and a portion with pectinate muscle.
left vs right ventricle difference
left ventricle has thicker wall
label
blue:Left atrial appendage
red: mitral (bicuspid) valve
label
ascending aorta
aorta has ____ valve
semilunar valve
label
blue: aortic sinus- blood pools for coronary arteries
red: cusp
purple: Openings of the left and right coronary arteries- 1st branches of aorta but don’t get blood immediately, blood has to fall and pool in sinuses
green: nodule- where the 3 cusps come together
fibrous skeleton of the heart is ____
a ring of CT around valves, insulates electrical signals
label valves
blue: pulmonary
red: aortic
green: bicuspid (mitral)
purple: tricuspid
this image shows that ___
ventricles contract at the same time & atriums contract at the same time
blood flow in heart + valves
R Atrium → R Ventricle [Tricuspid valve]
L Atrium → L Ventricle [Bicuspid (Mitral) valve]
R Ventricle → Pulmonary Trunk [Pulmonary Semilunar valve]
L Ventricle → Aorta [Aortic Semilunar valve]
Septa separate _____
right and left atria, and right and left ventricles
Interatrial septum separates ___
atriums
Interventricular septum separates _____
ventricles
Coronary vessels are the vascular supply to ______
the heart tissue
label
blue: left coronary artery
red: right coronary artery
label
blue: Left Coronary Artery (LCA)
red: Right Coronary Artery (RCA) (in coronary sulcus
purple: Circumflex branch of LCA (in coronary sulcus)
green: Anterior interventricular artery (in anterior IV sulcus)
label
blue: RCA
red: Circumflex branch of LCA
purple: Posterior interventricular artery (in posterior IV sulcus)
label:
blue: Great cardiac vein
red: Great cardiac vein (in anterior IV sulcus)
purple: Coronary sinus
The heart has its own endogenous ______
conduction system
Conductive cells in the heart are ____
Specialized myocardial cells optimized for spontaneous depolarization and transmission of electrical signals
Gap junctions present between cardiac myocytes allow ion flow to ____
1) synchronize muscle contraction
2) transmit electrical signal
_____ is the pacemarker of the heart because it has _____
SA node
fastest rate of spontaneous depolarization.
label
blue: Sinoatrial Node
red: Atrioventricular (AV) node
purple:AV Bundle (of His), Left bundle branch, Right bundle branch
yellow: Purkinje fibers
The two atria contract while the ventricles _____
The two ventricles contract while the atria _____
relax (2)
Diastole = _____ phase
Systole = ______ phase
relaxation
contraction
heart sounds; lub= ____ , dub= ____
Lub = AV valves closing
Dub = Semilunar valves closing
By placing electrodes on the skin, one can measure ______ and create ____
the electrical activity of the heart
Electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)
label
blue: right common carotid artery
red: right subclavian artery
purple: brachiocephalic trunk
No______ (aorta branch) on the left!
brachiocephalic trunk
label:
blue: Left common carotid artery
red: Left subclavian artery
label:
red: Right pulmonary artery
blue: Left pulmonary artery
purple: Pulmonary trunk
label
green: superior vena cava
blue: inferior vena cava
purple: Pulmonary veins
