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z:Anat 200 > Part 5: Cranial nerves > Flashcards

Part 5: Cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

CN (cranial nerve general) + functions of the _______

A

12 prs of peripheral nerves (like spinal nerves)
* Numbered (Roman numerals) from I to XII
* Essentially run the functions of the head & neck
(except CN X)

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2
Q

CN pure ___/_____ or _____

A
  • Some CNs pure motor, some pure sensory,others
    mixed
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3
Q

CN arise and interact with _____ (which types? where?)

A

Arise from & interact with nuclei (motor, sensory,
parasympathetic) in brainstem

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4
Q

Cell bodies of sensory neurons live in

A

_____CN ganglia
(like dorsal root ganglia)

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5
Q

Label nerves

A

I – Olfactory
II – Optic
III – Oculomotor
IV – Trochlear
V – Trigeminal
VI – Abducens
VII – Facial
VIII –Vestibulocochlear
(Audiovestibular)
IX – Glossopharyngeal
X – Vagus
XI – Spinal Accessory
XII - Hypoglossal

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6
Q

CN I sits on ___ and extends in ___

A

cribiform plate
olfactory epithelium

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7
Q

CN I – Olfactory Nerve is ____ and responsible for ____.

A

Pure sensory – responsible for smell (olfaction)

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8
Q

Olfactory Nerve pathway

A

Terminate in olfactory bulb -> olfactory tract
* Olfactory tract -> 1o olfactory cortex (temporal lobe)

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9
Q

Olfactory nerve is the only sensory system to _____. Disease of nerve: _____

A

bypass thalamus (sensory relay station)
* Damage or Disease -> hyposmia and/or anosmia

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10
Q

CN II – Optic Nerve is _____ and responsible for ____

A

Pure sensory – vision

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11
Q

CN II nerve pathway

A

Axons of ganglion cells -> Optic Nerve (~ 1 million
axons)
* Optic n ->Optic Chiasm > Optic tract > lateral
geniculate nucleus (thalamus) > Optic Radiations >
1o Visual Cortex
* 1o Visual Cortex(posterior ) – medial aspect of occipital lobe on either side of Calcarine Sulcus

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12
Q

Visual fields are projected onto visual cortex _____
Damage or disease of CN II - >

A

in an inverted and reversed fashion
visual field defects (cortical blindness)

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13
Q

Calcarine Sulcus (def.)

A

caudal end of the medial surface of the brain

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14
Q

CN III, IV, VI share _____

A

similar function in controling muscles of eye

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15
Q

rectus muscle

A

straight

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16
Q

CN III – Oculomotor Nerve is a _______ and arises from ______

A

somatic motor and Parasympathetic (PS) – mixed nerve
midbrain

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17
Q

motor component of CIII supplies _____

A

medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, levator palpebrae superioris (elevator of upper eyelid)

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18
Q

Hint to remember: eye muscle innervation

A

CIII controls all extra-ocular muscles except LR6SO4
- (LR6SO4 lateral rectus – CN VI, superior oblique – CN IV)

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19
Q

Parasympathetic action of CIII controls for________ .Damage or disease of CIII -> _____

A

pupillary constriction & accommodation (ciliary ganglion)
pupillary dilation (unopposed sympathetics) and ophthalmoplegia (eye movements weakened or paralysed)

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20
Q

CN IV - Trochlear Nerve comes off ___

A

posterior area of brainstem (wraps around)

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21
Q

CN IV – Trochlear Nerve is the ___. It is a ____ nerve. it supplies _______.

A

Smallest cranial nerve
Pure motor
supplies one muscle - superior oblique

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22
Q

isolated damage to CN IV is ______

A

uncommon

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23
Q

CN VI - Abducent Nerve is a _____. It supplies ______. It is located at ______. It is ______ of cranial nerves

A

-Pure motor nerve
-supplies one muscle – lateral rectus (abducts the eye, hence the name ‘abducent’)
-pontomedullary junction
longest intracranial course

24
Q

CN VI is vulnerable to ______. Damage ->_______ –> ______ –> _____ —> _____
Patient complains of ______

A

-injury in head trauma or raised intracranial
pressure (intracranial hemorrhage, brain tumors)
-paralysis of lateral rectus
-unopposed action of medial rectus
-eye deviates medially
-squint (strabismus)
-double vision (diplopia)

25
Label muscles and nerves
black: levator palpebrae superioris m purple: oculomotor nerve (CN 3) orange: superior rectus blue: ciliary ganglion grey: medial rectus pink: inferior rectus green: inferior oblique
26
label nerves + muscles
green: superior oblique purple: trochlear nerve (CN 4)
27
label muscles + nerves
blue: abducent nerve (CN 6) orange: lacteral rectus
28
CN V - Trigeminal Nerve is _______ (from ___) and has ______ arising from ____. Disease: _____
Mixed nerve – sensory and motor (from pons) Has 3 divisions (branches) arising from trigeminal ganglion * Disease – Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux) - Mainly V2 and V3 (pain nerves one side)
29
branches of CN V - trigeminal nerve
- V1 – Ophthalmic nerve -> eye (pure sensory) - V2 – Maxillary nerve - > cheek (pure sensory) - V3 – Mandibular nerve -> mandible (motor + sensory)
30
CN V1 - ______Branch is ____ and supplies sensation to ____ and general sensory innervation to _____. It supplies sensation to ____ via _______
- Ophthalmic -pure sensory the frontal and ethmoidal paranasal air sinuses, nasal cavity -the upper eyelid, side of the nose, forehead and scalp via supraorbital nerves
31
label
blue: supraorbital nerves green: ophthalmic nerve purple: trigeminal ganglion orange: ciliary ganglion
32
label
blue: infraorbital nerves orange: maxillary nerve purple: trigeminal ganglion red: pterygopalatine ganglion
33
CN V2 – Maxillary Nerve is ____and enters _____ through ____. It supplies sensation to ______ and to ____ via _____
-Pure sensory -floor of orbit -inferior orbital fissure - maxillary air sinus - nasal cavity - maxillary (upper) teeth and gums - lower eyelid, skin of cheek, upper lip ( via infraorbital nerve)
34
CN V3 - Mandibular Branch is ______ and ____ branch of CNV
-Mixed nerve – somatic sensory and somatic motor -largest branch
35
CN V3 Motor supplies ______. Sensory part supplies _____ and _____ via _____ and general sensation to _____ via _____. CNV3 ends as ____ in ____. It carries proprioceptive information from _____ to control _____
muscles of mastication +smiling -lower lip, skin of mandible - mandibular teeth and gums via inferior alveolar nerve) - anterior 2/3 of tongue via lingual nerve -Ends as mental nerve in chin -muscles of mastication to brainstem -force of bite
36
Inferior Alveolar Nerve where?
the the CN V3 branch enters bone (where dentist numb)
37
label
green: lingual nerve red: mandibular nerve orange: trigeminal ganglion blue: otic ganglion yellow: inferior alveolar nerve purple: submandibular ganglion pink: mental nerve
38
CN VII – Facial Nerve is a ______. It is attached to ______. Its sensory nerve cell bodies are in ____ Damage:
Mixed nerve – Somatic motor, somatic sensory & parasympathetic * Attached to pons geniculate ganglion * Damage or disease :Patient may lose taste (partly), salivation (partly) or lacrimation in one eye or Bell’s Palsy (hemi-facial paralysis)
39
CN VII – Facial Nerve motor function _______. sensory function: _____.
-muscles of facial expression (5 sets of branches) -taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue (via chorda tympani – joins lingual n)
40
parasympathetic function of CN VII: ______
- lacrimal gland for tearing (lacrimation) via pterygopalatine ganglion (V2) - Submandibular & sublingual salivary glands via submandibular ganglion (V3)
41
label
black: pterygopalatine ganglion purple: temporal branch orange: zymogamtic branch red: buccal branch green: mandibular branch yellow:cervical branch blue: submandibular ganglion dark green: stylomastoid foramen pink: chonrda tympani nerve to tongue grey: geniculate ganglion brown: facial nerve (CN VII)
42
Chorda Tympani Nerve
of CN VII to tongue
43
CN VIII – Vestibulocochlear Nerve is ____ with _____ Damage or disease -> _______
-Pure sensory nerve with 2 components (Vestibular + Cochlear) -difficulty in localizing sound (deafness rare)
44
2 components of vestibulocochlear nerve: Vestibular supplies ____ ---> affects _____. Disease: _____
- supplies vestibular apparatus (semicircular canals + vestibule)--> affect balance and equilibrium - Disease: Meniere’s syndrome (vertigo, nausea, vomiting)
45
2 components of vestibulocochlear nerve: Cochlear supplies ____ ---> affects _____. A pathway in where carries this info to _______Disease: _____
- supplies organ of Corti in cochlea -hearing - Bilateral central pathway in brainstem carries this information to the temporal lobe -> 1o auditory cortex - Damage or disease -> difficulty in localizing sound (deafness rare)
46
label
green: vestibular branch blue: vestibular apparatus purple: organ of corti pink: cochlear branch yellow: vestibulocochlear nerve
47
CN IX - Glossopharyngeal Nerve is a ______ that supplies ____ attached to ______ and regulates _____. Damage or disease: _____
* Mixed nerve – somatic motor, somatic sensory and parasympathetic * Supplies the tongue and the pharynx * Attached to medulla * Regulates the gag reflex (important) *difficulty in swallowing, loss of gag reflex
48
CN IX – Motor function? sensory general? sensory special? parasympathetic?
-Motor to one muscle: stylopharyngeus (elevates pharynx) -Sensory (general):posterior 1/3 tongue, pharynx, carotid sinus + body (for carotid sinus reflex) -Sensory (special) : taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue -Parasympathetic : supplies parotid gland via otic ganglion
49
label
black: otic ganglion yellow: lingual branch red: cartoid sinus green: pharyngeal branches blue: parotid gland pink: CN IX ( glossopharyngeal nerve
50
CN X – Vagus Nerve is _____ attached to ____. Damage: ______
Mixed nerve – motor, sensory and parasympathetic * Attached to medulla *difficulty in speech and swallowing
51
CN X – Somatic Motor Functions
* Motor to muscles of the palate, pharynx and larynx + voice box
52
CN X – Sensory Functions
Sensory to muscles of the palate, pharynx and larynx *(stretch) Baroreceptor to hollow organs (ex. stomach + bowel) * Carries visceral afferents from the organs to the CNS
53
CN X – Parasympathetic Activity
* Essentially functions as the parasympathetic nerve for viscera * Parasympathetic motor to smooth muscle in thoracic and abdominal organs up to distal part of transverse colon * Regulates heart rate (slows it down)
54
CN XI – Spinal Accessory Nerve has ______. attached to _____. supplies _____. damage: ______
Somatic Motor function only * Attached to medulla and upper spinal cord - supplies trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles in the neck *weakness when shrugging (elevating) shoulders, turning head to one side against resistance
55
CN XII - Hypoglossal Nerve is ____. attached to ____ supplies ____. damage: ____
Pure motor nerve * Attached to medulla * Supplies the muscles of the tongue * Damage or disease – inability to protrude tongue symmetrically
56
label
orange: accessory root yellow: vagus nerve (CN X) red: spinal accesory nerve (CN XI) green: accesory branch blue: spinal branch pink: strenocleidomastoid purple: spinal root black: trapezius
57
label
black: hypoglossal nerve

z:Anat 200 (23 decks)

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