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z:Anat 200 > Part 3: Appendicular musculature > Flashcards

Part 3: Appendicular musculature Flashcards

1
Q

Major characteristics of the appendicular musculature

A

1) Innervation by spinal nerves forming plexuses (with exception of trapezius - CN XI spinal accessory nerve)
2) Attachments on axial & appendicular skeleton
3) Movements: muscle contractions cause a limb segment to move in a specific plane at a given joint

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2
Q

Limb muscles are organized into ______(each is innervated by ______)

A

compartments
a specific nerve branch of a plexus

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3
Q

Upper limbs are innervated by _____ except ____

A

by branches of the brachial plexus (levels C5 to T1 of spinal cord) except trapezius (CN XI – spinal accessory n.)

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4
Q

Fur major muscle groups crossing upper limb joints

A

Shoulder (pectoral girdle)
Arm
Forearm
Hand

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5
Q

Upper limb joints are designed for ____(rather than ____).

A

mobility
stability

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6
Q

Major functions of the upper limb musculature

A

1) Muscles positioning the pectoral girdle
2) Muscles moving the arm
3) Muscles moving the forearm & hand
4) Muscles moving the hand & digits

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7
Q

Label Muscles moving the pectoral girdle (shoulder)

A

1) Trapezius: Occipital & spinous processes to clavicle & scapular spine; elevator, retractor, & depressor of scapula
2) Levator scapulae: Transverse processes to superior vertebral border of scapula; Elevator of scapula
3) Rhomboids (major & minor): Spinous processes to vertebral border of scapula; Retractors of scapula
4) Serratus anterior: Ribs to vertebral border of scapula (anterior surface); Protractor of scapula

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8
Q

To move arm up, these muscles contract

A

Trapezius (lower) + Trapezius (upper)
Serratus anterior

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9
Q

Pectoralis minor attaches where? does what?

A

anteriorly to girdle
Depresses & protracts scapula; elevates ribs

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10
Q

To move arm down, these muscles contract

A

pectoralis minor (brings hand down)
levator scapulae (contract up)
rhomboids (contract up)

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11
Q

label muscles moving the arm

A

Pectoralis major: Ribs/sternum, clavicle to lateral side of intertubercular sulcus; Arm adductor, flexor & medial rotator

Deltoideus: Clavicle & scapular spine to deltoid tuberosity; Major arm abductor; arm flexor & medial
rotator (anterior part)

Subscapularis: Subscapular fossa to lesser tubercle; Medial arm rotator

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12
Q

label muscles moving the arm

A

Deltoideus: Clavicle & scapular spine to deltoid tuberosity; Major arm abductor; arm extensor & lateral rotator (posterior part)

Latissimus dorsi: Spinous processes, ribs, iliac crest to the intertubercular sulcus (middle); Powerful arm retractor; arm extensor, adductor & medial rotator

Teres major: Inferior angle of scapula to medial side of intertubercular sulcus; Arm extensor & medial rotator (assists latissimus dorsi)

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13
Q

label muscles moving the arm

A

Supraspinatus: Supraspinous fossa to greater tubercle;Arm abductor (assists deltoid)

Infraspinatus: Infraspinous fossa to greater tubercle;Lateral arm rotator

Teres minor: Axillary border to greater tubercle; Lateral arm rotator

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14
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

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15
Q

Tendons of SITS muscles reinforce _____& hold the humeral head against _____

A

shoulder joint capsule
glenoid fossa (preventing dislocation of shoulder joint)

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16
Q

The only muscle NOT on the greater tubercle is the ______

A

anterior muscle (subscapularis muscle = lesser tubercle)

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17
Q

label muscles- the forearm at the elbow joint: flexors

A

Brachialis (deeper): Humeral shaft to coronoid process of ulna; Powerful forearm flexor (especially when pronated)

Brachioradialis: Above lateral epicondyle to styloid process of radius; Forearm flexor when half pronated

Biceps brachii (long & short heads): Scapula (above glenoid cavity & coracoid process) to radial tuberosity; Powerful forearm supinator; forearm flexor (especially strong when supinated); assists arm flexing

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18
Q

label muscles- the forearm at the elbow joint: extensor

A

Triceps brachi (long, lateral, medial heads): under glenoid cavity, superior shaft of humerus, inferior shaft of humerus (deepest head) to olecranon process; Forearm extensor (assists in arm extension), antagonist of all 3 flexors

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19
Q

Abduction of the wrist = ____
Adduction of the wrist = _____
All muscles attach at ____ for wrist joint

A

radial deviation
ulnar deviation
the carpals

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20
Q

anterior muscles at wrist joint

A

Flexor carpi radialis: Hand flexor & abductor
Palmaris longus: Weak hand flexor (not always present)
Flexor carpi ulnaris: Hand flexor & adductor
Flexor retinaculum: Strong fibrous band forming roof of carpal tunnel

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21
Q

anterior muscles at digits -intermediate layer

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS): Finger flexor (insert on middle phalanges of digits 2,3,4,5)

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22
Q

anterior muscles at digits -deep layer

A

Flexor pollicis longus (FPL): Radial shaft to distal phalanx of digit 1; Thumb (pollex) flexor
Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP): Ulnar shaft to distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Finger flexor

23
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Repetitive motion of flexor tendons can irritate their sheath coverings, leading to swelling & compression of median nerve in carpal tunnel

24
Q

9 flexor muscle tendons_______ travelling through carpal tunnel (_____)

A

(FDS, FDP, FPL) & median nerve
Flexor retinaculum - anterior roof

25
Q

Label Posterior muscles moving the hand at the wrist joint

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis: Hand extensor & abductor
Extensor carpi ulnaris: Hand extensor & adductor
All muscles attach at the carpals

26
Q

Label Posterior muscles moving the digits

A

Extensor digitorum & extensor digiti minimi (5th digit) : Finger extensors (digits 2,3,4,5)
Extensors (longus & brevis) & abductor pollicis (for thumb) : Thumb extensor & abductor

All muscles attach at the distal phalanges (via extensor hood)

27
Q

Muscles involved in supination of the wrist

A

supinator
biceps branchii

28
Q

Muscles involved in pronation of the wrist

A

pronator teres
pronator quadratus
pronator teres

29
Q

Both pronator teres and quadratus go from ____ (pronator teres has an additional head on the ___)

A

ulna to radius
medial epicondyle

30
Q

Hypothenar muscles are ____ and control ____

A

Flexor digiti minimi, Opponens digiti minimi, Abductor digiti minimi
pinky finger

31
Q

Thenar muscles are ____ and control ____

A

Flexor pollicis brevis, Opponens pollicis, Abductor pollicis brevis
thumb

32
Q

Thenar & hypothenar muscles (important role for _______)

A

opposition of thumb & pinky finger

33
Q

anterior muscles moving the digits

A

orange: 3 palmar interossei - finger adductors (digits 2,4,5)
yellow: 4 lumbricals: Flexor of metacarpophalangeal joints but extensors for interphalangeal joints (Digits 2,3,4,5) since they attach on the extensor hood

green: adductor pollicis: thumb pollicis
purple: felxor pollicis brevis
blue: opponens pollicis
pink: abductor pollicis brevis

34
Q

posterior muscles moving the digits

A

4 Dorsal interossei: Finger abductors (digits 2,3,4); Middle finger gets 2 dorsal interossei; little finger & thumb have their own abductors

35
Q

power grip muscle activated

A

Active contraction of digital flexors muscles found in the forearm (ex. flexor digitorum profundus)

36
Q

precision grip muscle activated

A

Active contraction of some short muscles found in the hand (ex. thenar & hypothenar muscles)

37
Q

lower limb innervated by _____

A

branches of the lumbosacral plexus (levels L2 to S3 of spinal cord)

38
Q

Four major muscle groups crossing lower limb joints:

A

Hip (pelvic girdle)
Thigh
Leg
Foot

39
Q

Lower limb joints are designed for _____(with various degrees of _____depending on joint).

A

stability
mobility

40
Q

________ are all important functional roles of the lower limb.

A

Locomotion, posture, & balance

41
Q

Major functions of the lower limb musculature

A

Muscles moving the thigh
Muscles moving the leg
Muscles moving the foot & toes (digits)

42
Q

label muscle moving the thigh at hip joint

A

Gluteus minimus : Ilium to greater trochanter; Thigh abductor & medial rotator
Gluteus medius: Iliac crest to greater trochanter ; Thigh abductor & medial rotator
Gluteus maximus: Iliac crest & sacrum to gluteal tuberosity ; Thigh (hyper) extensor & lateral rotator (good for running & climbing)

43
Q

The lesser gluteal muscles (gluteus medius & minimus muscles keep _____

A

the pelvis from tilting down on unsupported side (side of swinging leg) during walking

44
Q

label muscles at thigh (hip joint)

A

Iliopsoas (iliacus + psoas major): Iliac fossa & transverse processes to lesser trochanter; Thigh flexor

Adductor muscle group:(magnus, longus, brevis):
Pubis to linea aspera; Thigh adductor, flexor, & medial rotator

45
Q

label anterior thigh muscles

A

Quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris & vastus lateralis, intermedius, medialis): ASIS & femoral shaft to tibial tuberosity via patella; Leg extensor; Thigh flexor (rectus femoris only)

Sartorius: ASIS to medial side of tibial tuberosity; Thigh & leg flexor; abduction & lateral rotation

46
Q

label posterior muscles moving leg at the knee point

A

Semitendinosus: Medial condyle of tibia
Semimembranosus :Medial condyle of tibia
Biceps femoris (long & short heads): Lateral condyle of tibia & head of fibula

All are leg flexors & thigh extensors at hip joint

47
Q

label posterior muscles moving the foot at the ankle joint

A

Gastrocnemius (superficial): Medial & lateral femoral condyles; flexor at the knee
Soleus (deeper): shafts of both the tibia & fibula
*Both muscles (also known as triceps surae) are powerful foot plantarflexors

Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon (attach to the calcaneal tuberosity of the calcaneus)

48
Q

flexor digitorium longus

A

Tibia to distal phalanges (digits 2,3,4,5); Foot plantarflexors & digit flexors

49
Q

tibialis posterior

A

Tibia & fibula to tarsals; Foot plantarflexors
& digit flexors

50
Q

flexor hallucis longus

A

Fibula to distal phalanx of 1st digit (big toe); Foot plantarflexors & digit flexors

51
Q

label posterior muscles moving the foot at the ankle joint

A

red: flexor digitorium longus
yellow: flexor hallucis longus
blue: tibialis posterior

52
Q

label Muscles moving the digits of the foot

A

Extensor digitorum longus: Tibia to distal phalanges (digits 2,3,4,5); Toe extensor (digits 2,3,4,5)

Extensor hallucis longus: Fibula to distal phalanx of 1st digit; Big toe (hallux) extensor

Tibialis anterior: Tibia to 1st metatarsal superiorly; Foot dorsiflexor & inverter

53
Q

label anterior muscles moving the foot at the ankle joint

A

2 fibularis (peroneus) muscles (longus & brevis): Fibula to metatarsals inferiorly; Foot everters & plantarflexors

Fibularis longus – support arches of foot

z:Anat 200 (23 decks)

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