Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

z:Anat 200 > Part 6: Blood & lymphatics > Flashcards

Part 6: Blood & lymphatics Flashcards

1
Q

Blood composed of ______

A

formed elements & plasma (forms fluid matrix)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lymph composed of ____

A

lymphocytes & lymph fluid (dilute solution of proteins & excess interstitial fluid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

blood function

A

-distributes nutrients, hormone etc. to cell
-carries wastes, co2 away from cell
-transport immune cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

normovolemic vs. hypovolemic vs. hypervolemic

A

normovolemic: normal blood volume
hypovolemic: lower bv
hypervolemic: gain bv

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

pH & temp of blood

A

pH =7.35 -7.45
Temp: 38 C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hemocrit of blood contains ___

A

plasma (55%)
buffy coat (immune cells - <1%)
erythrocytes (45%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

plasma contains ___

A

plasma proteins and other solutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

RBC aka ____ carry ____

A

erythrocytes
O2, CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

platelets are ____ that are needed in _____

A

fragments of RBC
clotting reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

WBC aka ____

A

leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

neutrophils function

A

destroy bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

eosinophils function

A

anti-parasitic, allergic response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Basophils function

A

inflammatory response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Monocytes function

A

become macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lymphocytes function

A

immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

RBC descr.

A

Biconcave disc-shaped cells, no nucleus , mostly proteins and cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

shape of RBC helps to ___

A

get hemoglobin close to surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

RBC surface proteins _____ determines ____

A

A,B,D (Rh)
blood type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

platelets formed from ____ where?

A

Formed from large stem cells called megakaryocytes in the red bone marrow and lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Platelets are _____ that pinch off from the cytoplasm of the _____

A

membrane-bound enzyme packets
megakaryocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

blood vessels from blood flow away from heart

A

Arteries, arterioles, capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

blood vessels from blood flow towards from heart

A

Veins, venules, capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The walls of arteries and veins contain 3 distinct layers: ____

A

1) outer adventitia
2) middle media
3) inner intima

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

adventitia is composed of ____

A

Composed of connective tissue, attaches vessel to surrounding connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

media is composed of _____

A

Composed of elastic fibers & smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Intima is composed of ____

A

Composed of simple squamous epithelium (endothelium) & thin layer of connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Label blood vessels

A

blue: adventitia
red: media
yellow: intima

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

____ is largest layer in arteries

A

media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

____ is largest layer in arteries

A

adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Elastic (Conducting) Arteries size? media composition? function?

A

Largest diameter arteries
Media contains high density of elastic fibers, not so much smooth muscle
Stretch & recoil to even out pressure surges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Muscular (Distributing) Arteries size? function? media composition? vasoconstriction/dilation?

A

Medium-sized arteries
distribute blood to skeletal muscles & internal organs
Media contains predominantly smooth muscle
Able to vasoconstrict (close) & vasodilate (open)

32
Q

Arterioles size? layer composition? function?

A

Small to microscopic vessels
Poorly defined adventitia
Media composed of scattered smooth muscle cells
Deliver blood to capillaries
Change in luminal diamete regulates blood pressure

33
Q

Capillaries size? function? layer composition?

A

Smallest blood vessels, connect arterioles to venules
Mediate exchange between blood and surrounding tissues
Have an endothelium and basement membrane

34
Q

capillaries nediate exchange through: _____

A

diffusion, active transport, gaps between cells or holes in cells (fenestrations)

35
Q

fenestrated capillary has ___

A

holes in the cells

36
Q

discontinuous capillary has ____

A

holes between cells

37
Q

Sinusoids are ____ (def.) . They are ____ (descr.)

A

expanded capillaries in the liver, spleen and bone marrow
fenestrated, discontinuous, and have an incomplete basement membrane –> lots of leaking

38
Q

Precapillary sphincters control blood flow _____

A

through capillaries

39
Q

Metarterioles connect _____to _____. When sphincters are closed, they shunt blood to ______

A

arterioles
capillaries
venules via throughfare channels.

40
Q

veins collect ____ and hold____

A

blood from organs & tissues & return it to the heart
most of the blood in the body

41
Q

Veins have larger capacity to ____than arteries and can therefore can act as _____.

A

stretch
a blood reserve

42
Q

Medium & Large Veins descr.

A

Slender media, adventitia is thickest layer

43
Q

Venules collect ___ and ___ (descr.)

A

blood from capillaries
Wall composed primarily of intima

44
Q

Valves in the walls of veins prevent ______

A

the backflow of blood in arms and legs

45
Q

Venous compression caused by ______.

A

contraction of adjacent muscles aids in maintaining blood flow

46
Q

label

A

yellow: arch pf aorta
blue: ascending aorta
red: descending aorta

47
Q

Posterior intercostal arteries (where?_ _____arise from the _____

A

under ribs
3-11
descending aorta

48
Q

label

A

blue: anterior intercostal arteries
yellow: right and left internal thoracic arteries (internal mammary arteries, IMA)
red: subclavian artery

49
Q

blood vessel used to replace blocked heart artery

A

left IMA (internal mammary arteries)

50
Q

Anterior and posterior intercostal arteries _____with one another–> ____

A

anastomose
reason for redundancy

51
Q

label

A

blue: Right common carotid artery
red: Left common carotid artery

52
Q

_____ are the primary blood supply to the brain.
_____ supply the neck and face.
_____ (swollen region at base of _____) contains _____that measure blood pressure

A

Internal carotid arteries
External carotid arteries
Carotid sinus
internal carotid
baroreceptors

53
Q

label

A

1) Left internal carotid artery
2) Left external carotid artery
3) Left carotid sinus
4) Left common carotid artery

54
Q

Label:

A

R. common carotid artery
L. vertebral artery (2)

55
Q

same artery has different name depending on subdivisions

A

Subclavian: Emerges from aorta(left)/brachiocephalic artery (right) and travels under clavicle
Axillary: Passes through armpit (axilla)
Brachial: Travels through upper limb until branches into radial and ulnar arteries

56
Q

Descending aorta divides into ____, which each divide into _____. Internal iliac arteries supply ______.

A

left and right common iliac arteries
external and internal iliac arteries
pelvic viscera

57
Q

label

A

orange: right common iliac artery
red: left common iliac artery
blue: left external iliac artery
purple: left internal iliac artery

58
Q

External iliac artery becomes _____ when it passes below the _____

A

femoral artery (blue)
inguinal ligament (red)

59
Q

Veins trace similar paths to arteries and typically have the same name (e.g., facial artery, facial vein). However, ___

A

there are some exceptions ( 2 brachiocephalic veins, hepatic portal system)

60
Q

veins of thorax (label)

A

blue (top to bottom)
Right internal jugular v.
Right subclavian v.
Right brachiocephalic v.
Superior vena cava

red (top to bottom)
Left internal jugular v.
Left subclavian v.
Left brachiocephalic v.

61
Q

Internal jugular vein runs along ____ and transports _____

A

common carotid artery
deoxygenated blood from brain. Also receives branches from head and neck.

62
Q

All blood returning from the abdominal GI system is directed into _____, which distributes it to the ______

A

the hepatic portal vein
liver for processing before the blood
can enter into general circulation.

63
Q

_____bathes the cells of the body. It is called “_____” when it enters the lymphatic vessels

A

Interstitial fluid
lymph

64
Q

Functions of Lymphatic System

A
  • Produce, maintain and distribute lymphocytes
    -Function in the immune response
    -maintain normal blood volume
  • Alternate route for transport of hormones, nutrients, metabolic waste (ex. lipids absorbed by digestive tract)
65
Q

parts of lymphatic system

A

-Lymphatic vessels (Thin vessels that transport lymph)
-Lymphatic Organs (where lymphocytes differentiate or reside, Enclosed by a fibrous capsule
-Lymphatic Tissue (CT with dense aggregates of lymphocytes, no capsule)

66
Q

Lymphatic Tissue list

A

Tonsils, lining of appendix

67
Q

Lymphatic organs list

A

Bone marrow, thymus, lymph nodes, spleen

68
Q

Lymph flows passively _____ .Lymphatic system is _____pressure. Vessels ____-walled
Lymphatic capillaries absorb fluid through gaps between _____ that act like _____

A

along a pressure gradient (i.e., no pump).
extremely low
very thin
overlapping endothelial cells
one-way valves so fluid can’t leak back out.

69
Q

Lymph nodes are _____

A

oval lymphoid organs 1 – 25 mm in diameter

70
Q

Lymphatic vessels have_____ to prevent backflow.
Valves are similar to those in veins, but region around valve ______

A

many valves
bulges, giving lymphatic vessels a beaded appearance

71
Q

Lymphatic ducts collect _____

A

lymph and empty it into large thoracic veins.

72
Q

label

A

-red: right lymphatic duct
blue: thoracic duct
> return to left branocep. vein
yellow: cysterna chyli

73
Q

Primary lymphatic organs do what? They contain stem cells that generate ____
E.g., ______

Secondary (peripheral) structures – where ______are initiated
E.g., _____

A

produce, maintain and store lymphocytes
B, T, and NK cells
bone marrow, thymus gland

most immune responses
spleen, lymph nodes

74
Q

Thymus Gland Lies posterior_____. ____lobes . size? source of ____

A

-to manubrium in the superior mediastinum
-Two
-Large in early life, it undergoes involution in later life
-Source of T lymphocytes (differentiate, mature, proliferate here)

75
Q

Spleen descr. sits where? function?

A

Largest lymphoid organ
upper left quadrant of abdomen, against posterior body wall.

Filters the blood, removing abnormal blood cells and components by phagocytosis
Stores iron recycled from metabolized RBCs
Initiates immune response by B and T cells in response to circulating antigens

76
Q

Nodules (def.)

A

Aggregations of densely packed lymphocytes supported by dense reticular fibres
Boundaries often indistinct due to lack of fibrous capsule

77
Q

nodules are found where? disease?

A

Mucosa of digestive tract
wall of pharynx (tonsils)
lining of small intestine (Peyer’s patches)
appendix – mass of fused lymphoid nodules

Immune defenses are sometimes overwhelmed -> tonsillitis, appendicitis, etc

z:Anat 200 (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions