Part 11: Female reproductive system I Flashcards
7 functions of the female reproductive system
-produce female gametes & sex hormones
-receive male gametes
-site of fertilization
-transport of zygote to uterus
-development of embryo & fetes
-parturition (vaginal birth)
-nutrition for newborn
female gamete name
ova
male gamete name
spermatozoa
sex hormones produced by female
estrogen & progesterone
4 parts of the female reproductive system
-Gonads (ovaries)
-Reproductive tract (ducts)
-Accessory glands
-Organ of copulation (vagina)
2 Accessory glands of the female reproductive system
o Mammary glands: nutrition of newborn
o Pituitary gland: stimulates oogenesis & ovulation
2 Reproductive tract (ducts) of the female reproductive system
Fallopian (uterine) tubes: transportation of ovum & fertilization
Uterus: implantation & development of fetus (menstrual cycle if no fertilization)
label orange part
Peritoneum over the female pelvis
female pelvis is draped by _____ and separates ___ cavity from ____ cavity
peritoneum
pelvic
abdominal
the broad ligament of the uterus (def.)
a double-layer fold of the peritoneum that connects the sides of the uterus to the walls and floor of the pelvis.
broad ligament of the uterus comes from ____
parietal peritoneum
female reproductive system is all covered by ____
broad ligament of the uterus
ovaries are ___ to uterus and tucked between ____ and ____
posterior
rectum
uterus
pelvic anatomy
black: uterine tube
grey: uterus
purple: Vesicouterine pouch
red: Urinary bladder
orange: Urethra
yellow: Vestibule (between labia minora)
light green: vagina
light blue: anus
light pink: rectum
light brown: fornix
blue: rectouterine pouch
green: cervix
pink: ovary
The fornices of the vagina are the ____, extending into the recesses created by ____
superior portions of the vagina
the vaginal portion of cervix.
if you see ovaries, you are looking at _____
posterior view
broad ligament anchors ____
the entire reproductive tract at pelvic diaphragm
ovary attached to pelvic sidewall by ____
suspensory ligament
suspensory ligment contains___
peritoneum, ovarian artery, veins
ovarian ligament anchors ____
ovary to uterus
parts of fallopian tube
infundibulum (fibrae)
ampullla
isthmus
intramural
broad ligament other names
-peritoneum
-mesentery
peritoneum has how many layers?
two layers (viserical and parietal )
parts of mesentery/broad ligament
Mesosalpinx
Mesovarium
Mesometrium
Mesosalpinx covers the ___
fallopian tube
Mesovarium covers the ____
ovary
Mesometrium covers the ___
uterus (endometrium)
each mesentery/part of mesentary has different ____
vasculature
round ligament of uterus is ____
an extension of ovarian ligament that moves to inguinal canal to enter labia majora
transverse ligament of uterus contains _____
uterine vessels that supply body supply to whole uteus
uterosacral ligament connects _____ to___
posterior aspect of the cervix and vagina to sacrum
label supporting ligaments
(left) top is posterior
Uterosacral ligament
Transverse ligament
(uterine vessels)
Ovarian ligament
(right)
Suspensory ligament
Round ligament
label fallopian tube from left to right
infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus
intra-mural
ovaries stabilized by ___
mesovarium, ovarian ligament, & suspensory ligament of the ovary (ovarian vessels)
ovaries produce _____
Produce gametes (ova), estrogen, & progesterone
ovary (descr.)
5 cm long, ~2.5 cm wide, ~8 mm thick,~6-8 g each
6 functions of sex hormones
-regulate functions of reproductive (& other) system
-generate secondary sex characteristics
-Generate sex drive
-maintain uterus lining (endometrium)
-Stimulates growth & metabolism throughout the body
-Influence brain development
3 linked processes of female reproductive system
Oogenesis
Ovarian cycle
Uterine (menstrual) cycle
oogenesis (def.)
Production of oocytes (gametes)
Ovarian cycle (def.)
Monthly series of events associated with maturation of oocyte
Uterine (menstrual) cycle (def.)
Series of events that prepares the uterus for implantation of fertilized oocyte
oogenesis begins during ____
fetal development (oogonia converted to primary oocytes - start meiosis I)
primary oocytes are dormant until ___
puberty (menarche)
oogenesis ends at ___
menopause
oogenesis before birth
mitosis & DNA replication (primary oocyte)
oogenesis at birth
primary oocytes are suspended in meiosis I
females are born with all their ____
primary oocytes
oogenesis at puberty
-meiosis I completes
-FSH from anterior pituitary (follicle maturation) –> secondary oocyte
-LH stimulates ovulation
oogenesis summary image
at ovulation , secondary oocyte is suspended ____
in meiosis II
meiosis II of seoncary oocyte only completes if ___
there is fertilization
oogenesis produces # ovum + polar bodies
ovum and 2 polar body
polar bodies are formed by ____
uneven division of the cytoplasm
oocytes develop and mature in ____
ovarian follicles
FSH stands for ___
follicle stimulating hormone
LH stands for ____
luteinizing hormone
ovary anatomy
-blue: peritoneum overlying dense CT = tunica albuginea
-orange: ovarian vessels at hilum
-pink: cortex
- red: medulla
stages of ovarian cycle
-follicular phase
-ovulation
-luteal phase
folicular phase stages
-primordial follicle
-primary follicle
-secondary follicle
ovulation phase stages
-mature (graafian) follicle
-ovulation ___> expels secondary oocyte with corana radiata
luteal phase stages
-corpus luteum
-degenerates CL –> corpus albicans
female will ovulated ___ times in a lifetime
400-500
Primordial follicle development
Multiple primordial follicles enter development at the same time in cortex each month after puberty
Primordial follicle = ______ + _____
primary oocyte + follicle cells (simple squamous cells
follicle cells are ______ cells
simple squamous
FSH is critical for ____
the stimulation of follicle development (every month – start of ovarian cycle)
FSH is regulated by _____
by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus
Primary follicle = _______
primary oocyte + zona pellucida (protein coat) + granulosa cells (cuboidal cells) + theca cells (endocrine cells)
in primary follicle, follicle cells become _____
gransola cells (becomes cubidial)
granulosa cells secretes ___
fluid
theca cells do what?
release estrogen
stromal cells
stem cells
Transition from primary follicle to secondary follicle happens as _____
the follicle wall thickens & follicular cells begin to secrete follicular fluid (by deeper cells)
estrogen supports regrowth of_____ after menstruation
endometrium
in secondary follicle, theca & granulosa cells produce & release ____
estrogen into blood
in secondary follicle, follicular fluid in antrum contains ____
Secretion from cells + blood plasma constituents
mature follicle development
only one secondary follicle develop into mature Graafian follicle –> bulge in ovarian cortex/wall
Oocyte projected into the antrum by cumulus oophorus
in mature follicle, oocyte is surrounded by _____ for ____
mass of granulosa cells for glucose metabolism & signaling
cumulus oophorus
oocyte both in the ovarian follicle and after ovulation - an extension of granulosa cells
2o follicle has completed 1st ___
mature (3o)follicle starts ____ - becomes secondary oocyte;
meiotic division (meiosis I)
meiosis II
2o Oocyte separates from wall (now free floating) with _____; now ready for _____
corona radiata
ovulation
male gamtes needs to chew through ____ of oocyte
corona radiata and zona pellucida
function of non-ovulated follicle
Many small follicles are required in early stages of the ovarian cycle to secrete the required estrogen
The follicle that is released is dominant: ___
produces the most estrogen
label ____
1) primordial follicles
2) primary follicle
3) secondary follicle
4) tertiary follicle
5) released secondary oocyte
6) corpus luteum
7) corpus albicans
The high concentration of estrogen secreted by dominant follicle causes _____
the anterior pituitary to secrete luteinizing hormone (LH)- which induces final maturation & ovulation of follicle
ovulation chews through ____
peritoneum and ovary
oocyte released with ____ during ovulation into the ______ & _____
its corona radiata onto surface of ovary (sticky substance)
peritoneal cavity (intraperitroneal) & picked up by fimbriae & infundibulum of the fallopian tube (now outside world)
corpus luteum is made from ____
granulosa cells
corpus luteum is maintained by ______
LH (anterior pituitary) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) from implanted embryo
Corpus luteum produces _____
progesterone and estrogen
Corpus luteum degenerates after _____
12 days of ovulation (unless fertilized)
Progesterone & estrogen required for maintenance of _______
endometrium
Progesterone & estrogen levels decline ->
fibroblast produce non-functional corpus albicans (marks end of ovarian cycle)
Decline in progesterone and estrogen stimulates ___
GnRH, triggers FSH production, & stimulates another cycle
Lumen of fallopian tube is the “______”
outside world
During ovulation, ______sweep over surface of ovary then oocyte is captured by ______ & transported into ____ by ____
infundibulum & fimbria
the infundibulum
the fallopian tube
simple ciliated columnar epithelium
Infundibulum (begins with fimbriae) epithelium
has ciliated & secretory cells; cilia beat in the direction of ampulla
Ampulla epithelium
Mucosal folds of lumen is complex; Cilia & muscle contraction move oocyte
where fertilization usually takes place in fallopian tube; why?
ampulla; The mucosa of the ampulla provides the proper environment for fertilization- highly ciliated and convulated
Isthmus (narrowest portion of tube) epithelium
Mucosal folds are less complex & the muscularis is thick; Muscles move oocyte towards uterus
Intramural (def.)
Part of the duct which penetrates the wall of the uterus
Simple columnar epithelium consisting of two cell types: ______
ciliated cells & secretory cells
Zygote implants in the ______
mucosa of the uterus
