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z:Anat 200 > Part 11: Female reproductive system I > Flashcards

Part 11: Female reproductive system I Flashcards

1
Q

7 functions of the female reproductive system

A

-produce female gametes & sex hormones
-receive male gametes
-site of fertilization
-transport of zygote to uterus
-development of embryo & fetes
-parturition (vaginal birth)
-nutrition for newborn

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2
Q

female gamete name

A

ova

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3
Q

male gamete name

A

spermatozoa

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4
Q

sex hormones produced by female

A

estrogen & progesterone

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5
Q

4 parts of the female reproductive system

A

-Gonads (ovaries)
-Reproductive tract (ducts)
-Accessory glands
-Organ of copulation (vagina)

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6
Q

2 Accessory glands of the female reproductive system

A

o Mammary glands: nutrition of newborn
o Pituitary gland: stimulates oogenesis & ovulation

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7
Q

2 Reproductive tract (ducts) of the female reproductive system

A

Fallopian (uterine) tubes: transportation of ovum & fertilization
Uterus: implantation & development of fetus (menstrual cycle if no fertilization)

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8
Q

label orange part

A

Peritoneum over the female pelvis

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9
Q

female pelvis is draped by _____ and separates ___ cavity from ____ cavity

A

peritoneum
pelvic
abdominal

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10
Q

the broad ligament of the uterus (def.)

A

a double-layer fold of the peritoneum that connects the sides of the uterus to the walls and floor of the pelvis.

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11
Q

broad ligament of the uterus comes from ____

A

parietal peritoneum

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12
Q

female reproductive system is all covered by ____

A

broad ligament of the uterus

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13
Q

ovaries are ___ to uterus and tucked between ____ and ____

A

posterior
rectum
uterus

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14
Q

pelvic anatomy

A

black: uterine tube
grey: uterus
purple: Vesicouterine pouch
red: Urinary bladder
orange: Urethra
yellow: Vestibule (between labia minora)
light green: vagina
light blue: anus
light pink: rectum
light brown: fornix
blue: rectouterine pouch
green: cervix
pink: ovary

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15
Q

The fornices of the vagina are the ____, extending into the recesses created by ____

A

superior portions of the vagina
the vaginal portion of cervix.

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16
Q

if you see ovaries, you are looking at _____

A

posterior view

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17
Q

broad ligament anchors ____

A

the entire reproductive tract at pelvic diaphragm

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18
Q

ovary attached to pelvic sidewall by ____

A

suspensory ligament

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19
Q

suspensory ligment contains___

A

peritoneum, ovarian artery, veins

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20
Q

ovarian ligament anchors ____

A

ovary to uterus

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21
Q

parts of fallopian tube

A

infundibulum (fibrae)
ampullla
isthmus
intramural

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22
Q

broad ligament other names

A

-peritoneum
-mesentery

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23
Q

peritoneum has how many layers?

A

two layers (viserical and parietal )

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24
Q

parts of mesentery/broad ligament

A

Mesosalpinx
Mesovarium
Mesometrium

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25
Q

Mesosalpinx covers the ___

A

fallopian tube

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26
Q

Mesovarium covers the ____

A

ovary

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27
Q

Mesometrium covers the ___

A

uterus (endometrium)

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28
Q

each mesentery/part of mesentary has different ____

A

vasculature

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29
Q

round ligament of uterus is ____

A

an extension of ovarian ligament that moves to inguinal canal to enter labia majora

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30
Q

transverse ligament of uterus contains _____

A

uterine vessels that supply body supply to whole uteus

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31
Q

uterosacral ligament connects _____ to___

A

posterior aspect of the cervix and vagina to sacrum

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32
Q

label supporting ligaments

A

(left) top is posterior
Uterosacral ligament
Transverse ligament
(uterine vessels)
Ovarian ligament

(right)
Suspensory ligament
Round ligament

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33
Q

label fallopian tube from left to right

A

infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus
intra-mural

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34
Q

ovaries stabilized by ___

A

mesovarium, ovarian ligament, & suspensory ligament of the ovary (ovarian vessels)

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35
Q

ovaries produce _____

A

Produce gametes (ova), estrogen, & progesterone

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36
Q

ovary (descr.)

A

5 cm long, ~2.5 cm wide, ~8 mm thick,~6-8 g each

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37
Q

6 functions of sex hormones

A

-regulate functions of reproductive (& other) system
-generate secondary sex characteristics
-Generate sex drive
-maintain uterus lining (endometrium)
-Stimulates growth & metabolism throughout the body
-Influence brain development

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38
Q

3 linked processes of female reproductive system

A

Oogenesis
Ovarian cycle
Uterine (menstrual) cycle

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39
Q

oogenesis (def.)

A

Production of oocytes (gametes)

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40
Q

Ovarian cycle (def.)

A

Monthly series of events associated with maturation of oocyte

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41
Q

Uterine (menstrual) cycle (def.)

A

Series of events that prepares the uterus for implantation of fertilized oocyte

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42
Q

oogenesis begins during ____

A

fetal development (oogonia converted to primary oocytes - start meiosis I)

43
Q

primary oocytes are dormant until ___

A

puberty (menarche)

44
Q

oogenesis ends at ___

A

menopause

45
Q

oogenesis before birth

A

mitosis & DNA replication (primary oocyte)

46
Q

oogenesis at birth

A

primary oocytes are suspended in meiosis I

47
Q

females are born with all their ____

A

primary oocytes

48
Q

oogenesis at puberty

A

-meiosis I completes
-FSH from anterior pituitary (follicle maturation) –> secondary oocyte
-LH stimulates ovulation

49
Q

oogenesis summary image

A
50
Q

at ovulation , secondary oocyte is suspended ____

A

in meiosis II

51
Q

meiosis II of seoncary oocyte only completes if ___

A

there is fertilization

52
Q

oogenesis produces # ovum + polar bodies

A

ovum and 2 polar body

53
Q

polar bodies are formed by ____

A

uneven division of the cytoplasm

54
Q

oocytes develop and mature in ____

A

ovarian follicles

55
Q

FSH stands for ___

A

follicle stimulating hormone

56
Q

LH stands for ____

A

luteinizing hormone

57
Q

ovary anatomy

A

-blue: peritoneum overlying dense CT = tunica albuginea
-orange: ovarian vessels at hilum
-pink: cortex
- red: medulla

58
Q

stages of ovarian cycle

A

-follicular phase
-ovulation
-luteal phase

59
Q

folicular phase stages

A

-primordial follicle
-primary follicle
-secondary follicle

60
Q

ovulation phase stages

A

-mature (graafian) follicle
-ovulation ___> expels secondary oocyte with corana radiata

61
Q

luteal phase stages

A

-corpus luteum
-degenerates CL –> corpus albicans

62
Q

female will ovulated ___ times in a lifetime

A

400-500

63
Q

Primordial follicle development

A

Multiple primordial follicles enter development at the same time in cortex each month after puberty

64
Q

Primordial follicle = ______ + _____

A

primary oocyte + follicle cells (simple squamous cells

65
Q

follicle cells are ______ cells

A

simple squamous

66
Q

FSH is critical for ____

A

the stimulation of follicle development (every month – start of ovarian cycle)

67
Q

FSH is regulated by _____

A

by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus

68
Q

Primary follicle = _______

A

primary oocyte + zona pellucida (protein coat) + granulosa cells (cuboidal cells) + theca cells (endocrine cells)

69
Q

in primary follicle, follicle cells become _____

A

gransola cells (becomes cubidial)

70
Q

granulosa cells secretes ___

A

fluid

71
Q

theca cells do what?

A

release estrogen

72
Q

stromal cells

A

stem cells

73
Q

Transition from primary follicle to secondary follicle happens as _____

A

the follicle wall thickens & follicular cells begin to secrete follicular fluid (by deeper cells)

74
Q

estrogen supports regrowth of_____ after menstruation

A

endometrium

75
Q

in secondary follicle, theca & granulosa cells produce & release ____

A

estrogen into blood

76
Q

in secondary follicle, follicular fluid in antrum contains ____

A

Secretion from cells + blood plasma constituents

77
Q

mature follicle development

A

only one secondary follicle develop into mature Graafian follicle –> bulge in ovarian cortex/wall
Oocyte projected into the antrum by cumulus oophorus

78
Q

in mature follicle, oocyte is surrounded by _____ for ____

A

mass of granulosa cells for glucose metabolism & signaling

79
Q

cumulus oophorus

A

oocyte both in the ovarian follicle and after ovulation - an extension of granulosa cells

80
Q

2o follicle has completed 1st ___
mature (3o)follicle starts ____ - becomes secondary oocyte;

A

meiotic division (meiosis I)
meiosis II

81
Q

2o Oocyte separates from wall (now free floating) with _____; now ready for _____

A

corona radiata
ovulation

82
Q

male gamtes needs to chew through ____ of oocyte

A

corona radiata and zona pellucida

83
Q

function of non-ovulated follicle

A

Many small follicles are required in early stages of the ovarian cycle to secrete the required estrogen

84
Q

The follicle that is released is dominant: ___

A

produces the most estrogen

85
Q

label ____

A

1) primordial follicles
2) primary follicle
3) secondary follicle
4) tertiary follicle
5) released secondary oocyte
6) corpus luteum
7) corpus albicans

86
Q

The high concentration of estrogen secreted by dominant follicle causes _____

A

the anterior pituitary to secrete luteinizing hormone (LH)- which induces final maturation & ovulation of follicle

87
Q

ovulation chews through ____

A

peritoneum and ovary

88
Q

oocyte released with ____ during ovulation into the ______ & _____

A

its corona radiata onto surface of ovary (sticky substance)
peritoneal cavity (intraperitroneal) & picked up by fimbriae & infundibulum of the fallopian tube (now outside world)

89
Q

corpus luteum is made from ____

A

granulosa cells

90
Q

corpus luteum is maintained by ______

A

LH (anterior pituitary) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) from implanted embryo

91
Q

Corpus luteum produces _____

A

progesterone and estrogen

92
Q

Corpus luteum degenerates after _____

A

12 days of ovulation (unless fertilized)

93
Q

Progesterone & estrogen required for maintenance of _______

A

endometrium

94
Q

Progesterone & estrogen levels decline ->

A

fibroblast produce non-functional corpus albicans (marks end of ovarian cycle)

95
Q

Decline in progesterone and estrogen stimulates ___

A

GnRH, triggers FSH production, & stimulates another cycle

96
Q

Lumen of fallopian tube is the “______”

A

outside world

97
Q

During ovulation, ______sweep over surface of ovary then oocyte is captured by ______ & transported into ____ by ____

A

infundibulum & fimbria
the infundibulum
the fallopian tube
simple ciliated columnar epithelium

98
Q

Infundibulum (begins with fimbriae) epithelium

A

has ciliated & secretory cells; cilia beat in the direction of ampulla

99
Q

Ampulla epithelium

A

Mucosal folds of lumen is complex; Cilia & muscle contraction move oocyte

100
Q

where fertilization usually takes place in fallopian tube; why?

A

ampulla; The mucosa of the ampulla provides the proper environment for fertilization- highly ciliated and convulated

101
Q

Isthmus (narrowest portion of tube) epithelium

A

Mucosal folds are less complex & the muscularis is thick; Muscles move oocyte towards uterus

102
Q

Intramural (def.)

A

Part of the duct which penetrates the wall of the uterus

103
Q

Simple columnar epithelium consisting of two cell types: ______

A

ciliated cells & secretory cells

104
Q

Zygote implants in the ______

A

mucosa of the uterus

z:Anat 200 (23 decks)

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