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z:Anat 200 > Part 5: Peripheral & autonomic nervous systems > Flashcards

Part 5: Peripheral & autonomic nervous systems Flashcards

1
Q

Brain splits into ___ (3 parts)

A

-Forebrain
-Midbrain
-Hindbrain

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2
Q

Cranial Nerves emerge from ____

A

brain stem

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3
Q

spinal Nerves emerge from ____

A

spinal cord

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4
Q

Peripheral Ganglia are (2)

A

-somatic sensory cell bodies
-autonomic ganglia (postganglionic neuronal cell
bodies)

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5
Q

somatic nervous system Supplies ____

A

somatic (body wall) structures
- Skin, muscle, bone, parietal membranes

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6
Q

somatic nervous system: sensory (what it senses?)

A
  • Pain (direct pain arising from the site of injury, Sharp, focused and well-localized (pin-prick, cut, burn)
  • Temperature
  • Touch
  • Proprioception
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7
Q

motor somatic nervous system controls ____

A

skeletal muscle (exception - reflex arc)

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8
Q

autonomic nervous system supplies ____

A

-viscera (internal organs)
- Glands, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, visceral membranes
- Involuntary or autonomous control

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9
Q

autonomic nervous system: sensory (what it senses?)

A

-stretch or ischemia (lack of oxygen) at the organs
- vague, ill-defined and ache-like (menstrual cramps, indigestion)
- perceived as indirect or referred pain
- Usually referred to the dermatomes

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10
Q

autonomic nervous system: motor controls___

A

sympathetic, parasympathetic

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11
Q

2 Classification of Spinal Nerves

A

General Afferents
General Efferents

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12
Q

spinal nerves: general afferents two types

A

Somatic Afferents (GSA)
- Visceral Afferents (GVA)

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13
Q

spinal nerves: Somatic Afferents (GSA) sense ____

A

-pain, temperature, touch, proprioception from
body wall

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14
Q

spinal nerves: - Visceral Afferents (GVA) sense _____

A

pain, distension, chemical from visceral
structures

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15
Q

spinal nerves: general efferents two types

A

Somatic Efferents (GSE)
Visceral Efferents (GVE)

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16
Q

spinal nerves: Somatic Efferents (GSE) sense ____

A

motor neurons in ventral horn projecting to
skeletal muscles

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17
Q

spinal nerves: Visceral Efferents (GVE) sense ____

A

autonomic fibres innervating smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

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18
Q

typical spinal nerve

A

dorsal root + ventral root=spinal nerve split into dorsal/ventral primary ramus

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19
Q

Intervertebral Foramen

A

where spinal nerve passes through

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20
Q

what’s in a nerve?

A

purple: spinal nerve
orange: Blood vessels
yellow: EPINEURIUM around entire nerve
green: Fascicle (bundle of nerve fibers in PNS)
blue: PERINEURIUM around individual fascicle
pink: axon
black: ENDONEURIUM around individual axon

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21
Q

dermatome

A

an area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve (C1 has no dermatome)

22
Q

3 Somatic Nerve Plexuses

A

-Brachial Plexus
-Lumbar Plexus
-Lumbosacral Plexus

23
Q

Brachial Plexus where?

A

Ventral primary rami (mixed nerves carrying both motor and sensory fibers) of spinal nerves C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1

24
Q

Brachial Plexus creates __ main nerves: ____

A

5 (five)
1. Axillary (shoulder)
2. Musculocutaneous (biceps)
3. Median (forearm flexors, thenar)
4. Radial (posterior arm and forearm)
5. Ulnar (hand muscles)

25
Q

Lumbar Plexus where?

A

Ventral primary rami of spinal nerves
L1, L2, L3, and L4

26
Q

Lumbar Plexus creates __ main nerves: ____

A

6 (six)
1. Iliohypogastric
2. Ilioinguinal
3. Genitofemoral
4. Lateral Femoral Cutaneous
5. Femoral (anterior compartment thigh)
6. Obturator (adductors)

27
Q

Lumbosacral Plexus where?

A

Ventral primary rami of spinal nerves
L4, L5, S1, S2, and S3

28
Q

Lumbosacral Plexus creates __ main nerves: ____

A

6 (six)
1. Tibial (posterior thigh, toe muscles)
2. Common Peroneal (lateral leg, ‘foot drop’)
3. Superior Gluteal
4. Inferior Gluteal
5. Pudendal
6. Posterior Femoral Cutaneous

29
Q

Reflex arc steps

A

Step 1:Arrival of stimulus and activation of receptor
Step 2: Activation of a sensory neuron
Step 3:Dorsal root + interneuron + ventral root- processing in CNS
Step 4:Activation of a motor neuron
Step 5: Response by effector

30
Q

Autonomic Motor Nerves: Sympathetic (where in spinal cord, action)

A

-Thoracolumbar
- T1 – L2
- Fright, Flight, Fight

31
Q

Autonomic Motor Nerves: Parasympathetic (where in spinal cord, action)

A

-Craniosacral
- CN III, VII, IX, X
- S2, S3, S4
- Rest, Relax, Regenerate

32
Q

Somatic Motor System: “Common Final
Pathway”

A

One axon emerges from the CNS and travels to the effector site

33
Q

Autonomic Motor System:Preganglionic fibre from the ____ to ____

A

CNS to the autonomic ganglion

34
Q

Autonomic Motor System: Postganglionic fibre from the ____ to

A

autonomic ganglion to the effector site

35
Q

sympathetic preganglionic fibre are ____ than parasympathetic preganglionic fibre

A

shorter

36
Q

sympathetic preganglionic fibre synapses on _____ (releases?)

A

sympathetic ganglion (acetylcholine)
adrenal medulla

37
Q

sympathetic postganglionic fibre synapses on _____ (releases?)

A

target (norepinephrine)
blood vessels (epinephrine/norepinephrine)

38
Q

parasympathetic preganglionic fibre synapses on _____ (releases?)

A

parasympathetic ganglion (acetylcholine)

39
Q

parasympathetic postganglionic fibre synapses on _____ (releases?)

A

target (acetylcholine)

40
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System: Cervical sympathetic ganglia

A

Superior (eye)
Middle (salivary gland)
Inferior (+ T1-3)- heart and lungs

41
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System: Sacral splanchnic nerve

A

-from below L2

42
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System: Greater splanchnic n and Lesser splanchnic n.

A

-greater: long preganglionic fiber to kidney (T5-10)
-lesser (T11-12)

43
Q

Sympathetic Actions

A

Eye (pupil dilation)
Trachea and Bronchioles (dilation)
Ureters and Bladder (relax detrusor m. contract trigone and sphincter)
Genitalia (Male – stimulates ejaculation, Female – relaxes uterus )
Heart ↑rate (↑contractility)
Gastrointestinal (↓motility and tone,contract sphincter)
Blood Vessels (skeletal muscle – dilate, viscera - constrict )

44
Q

Skin innervation + Thoracic Innervation (heart)
similarities

A

Preganglionic sympathetic neuron – T1 to L2
(Grey + white ramus communicantes)

45
Q

Sympathetic innervation of abdominal viscera
( by ____Splanchnic nerves)

A

Splanchnic nerves

46
Q

Cutaneous and visceral sensory neurons share
_____

A

the same ascending tracts

47
Q

Referred Pain

A

Brain perceives visceral pain as coming from spinal
nerve

48
Q

REFERRED PAIN (and dermatome levels)

A

heart: T1-5 (arm)
stomach: T7-9
Appendix: T10
small intestine:T9-11
colon:T11-12

49
Q

Pelvic splanchnic nn. part of ____

A

parasympathetic

50
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System nerves

A

CN III, VII, IX, X
Pelvic splanchnic nn

51
Q

Parasympathetic Actions

A

Eye (pupil constriction accommodation reflex)
Trachea and Bronchioles (constrict, ↑secretion)
Ureters and Bladder (contract detrusor m.
relax trigone and sphincter)
Genitalia (stimulates erection)
Lacrimal Glands (stimulate tears)
Salivary Glands (copious watery secretion)
Heart (↓rate ↓contractility)
Gastrointestinal (↑motility and tone)

52
Q

Autonomic Motor Command Structure

A

hypothalamus (small formations of grey matter that controls autonomic system)

z:Anat 200 (23 decks)

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