Paramyxovirus -- Human Parainfluenza Viruses

Question 1

Are influenza and parainfluenza the same?

Answer 1

NO.
NEVER CONFUSE THEM AGAIN.
EVER.
OR ELSE.

Question 2

Parainfluenza shape?

Answer 2

Spherical or Pleomorphic

Question 3

Parainfluenza RNA is tightly associated with…

Answer 3

Nucleoprotein (NP)
Phosphoprotein (P)
Large Protein (L)

Question 4

Parainfluenza typically hits what age group?

Answer 4

Young Children

Question 5

Upper or Lower Respiratory tract?

Answer 5

Both

Question 6

How does Upper resp. tract infection manifest?

Answer 6

Cold, Sore Throat

Question 7

How does lower resp. tract infection manifest?

Answer 7

Croup, pneumonia, bronchiolitis

Question 8

What is croup?

Answer 8

Infection of airway below larynx

Barky cough, harsh/noisy breathing

Question 9

Other than Croup, Parainfluenza is a common cause of childhood…

Answer 9

Acute Respiratory Tract infections (30-40%)

Question 10

Reinfections….better or worse?

Answer 10

Typically less severe, just Upper Resp. Tract

Question 11

Specific three viruses that are most common causes of Croup?

Answer 11

HPIV-1, HPIV-2, HPIV-3 (3/4 of cases)

Question 12

Most common one virus for causing croup?

Answer 12

HPIV-1

Question 13

Which types of Parainfluenza can cause bronchiolitis?

Answer 13

All of them (HPIV 1-4)

Question 14

Which types of Parainfluenza are most likely to cause bronchiolitis?

Answer 14

HPIV 1 and HPIV 3

Question 15

Which types of Parainfluenza are most associated with pneumonias?

Answer 15

1 and 3

Question 16

Symptoms of Pneumonia?

Answer 16

Fever, Rales, Pulmonary Consolidation

Question 17

Which Parainfluenza is most associated with tracheobronchitis?

Answer 17

HPIV-3

Question 18

How is it spread?

Answer 18

Direct contact with subject or contaminated surfaces or via aerosol

Question 19

Parainfluenza infection promotes expression of which cytokines?

Answer 19

IFN-a, IL-2,6, TNF-a

Question 20

Which immunoglobulin is associated with croup production?

Answer 20

IgE

Question 21

Ways to improve parainfluenza virus symptoms?

Answer 21

Upper Airway Support

Warm, Steamy Atmosphere