Retroviruses

Question 1

Genome?

Answer 1

dsRNA (two positives)

Enveloped

Question 2

Method of DNA activity?

Answer 2

Reverse transcriptase, Integration into DNA genome

Question 3

Three types of retroviruses?

Answer 3

Lentiviruses, Oncoviruses (HTLV group), Spumaviruses

Question 4

Transmission method?

Answer 4

Body Fluids

Question 5

Known to infect what type of cell?

Answer 5

CD4+ T Cell

Question 6

Cancer type originally associated with AIDS?

Answer 6

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

Question 7

Three major genes of HIV? What they do?

Answer 7

Gag - Caspid and Matrix
Pol - Polymerase
Env - Envelope glycoproteins (gp120 and 41)

Question 8

Components of polymerase?

Answer 8

Reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease

Question 9

Process of attachment/fusion?

Answer 9

GP120+CD4
Coreceptor Binding
GP41 unfolds and inserts into membrane
Fusion of Membranes

Question 10

Describe replication process

Answer 10

Reverse Transcriptase makes Viral DNA from RNA
DNA inserts into genome
Host RNA polymerase makes viral RNA
mRNA makes viral proteins for envelope
New particles assembles, bud from membrane

Question 11

Four stages of HIV infection

Answer 11

Primary, Asymptomatic, Symptomatic, AIDS

Question 12

Describe Primary Stage

Answer 12

Short, Flu-like

Fever, Fatigue, Rash, Swollen Nodes

Question 13

Describe Asymptomatic Stage

Answer 13

Maybe swollen glands, but it is what it sounds like

Usually around 10 years

Question 14

Describe Symptomatic Stage

Answer 14

Mild Symptoms
Immune System Deteriorates
Opportunistic Infections/Cancers

Question 15

Describe AIDS

Answer 15

More severe symptomatic phase

Question 16

Definition of AIDS (3)

Answer 16

200 CD4 per mL blood
CD4 below 14%
HIV+ with AIDS defining illness

Question 17

Common Bacterial Opportunistic Infections?

Answer 17

TB

Strep Pneumonia

Question 18

Common Viral Opportunistic Infections?

Answer 18

Kaposi Sarcoma
Herpes
Influenza

Question 19

Common Fungal Opportunistic Infections?

Answer 19

Candida
Pneumocystis Carinii
Cryptococcus

Question 20

Common infection types?

Answer 20

Cancers
Chronic Wasting
Dementia
Lipodystrophy

Question 21

What is Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia?

Answer 21

Salmonella Infection of Bloodstream

Question 22

Pathogenesis of HIV?

Answer 22

HIV infects CD4s
In incubation period, infection matches CD4 creation
Eventally, immune system succombs, AIDS develops

Question 23

Transmission of HIV?

Answer 23

Unprotected Sex
Vertical Transmission
Injected Drug Use

Question 24

Control of HIV?

Answer 24

Block Transmission
Nucleoside RT inhibitors
Non-nucleoside RT inhibitors
Protease Inhibitors.