Antiviral Drugs Flashcards
Examples of host defenses?
Mechanical, Chemical, Biological Barriers.
Immune System
Non-intrinsic ways viruses can be controlled?
Vaccines, anti-viral drugs
Three kinds of vaccines?
Inactivated, Attenuated, Genetically Engineered
What are inactivated vaccines?
Genome of virus destroyed, caspid intact (polio)
What are attenuated vaccines?
Live viruses that are extremely slow are replication (MMR)
What are genetically engineered vaccines?
viral proteins are produced by yeast cells, concentrated, and purified (hep B)
Why do we need antiviral agents?
Many diseases don’t have vaccines
Fast mutation
Reassortment
Immunosuppresive Diesease
barriers to effective antivirals?
Only targeting the virus
Resistance from mutation
Late symptoms
Intracellular
Name some viruses that have anti-viral drugs.
Herpes simplex varicella Zoster cytomegalovirus HIV Influenza Hepatitis
Viral disruption can be utilized against…
Give two examples
Enveloped Viruses
N9 - detergent HSV and HIV
Citric Acid - Common Cold/Rhinoviruses
How might an anti-viral inhibit viral attachment?
Antibodies bind to a virus – aggregation or interference with receptor binding
Receptor antagonist – ex. change CCR receptor to stop HIV binding
Fusion inhibitors – (ex. enfuvirtide) inhibit the ability of HIV to get into T cells
Name two antivirals for uncoating.
Amantadine
Rimantadine
How do adamantanes work?
They target M2 protein to block a H+ pump required in the process of viral uncoating.
What do you treat with amantadine?
Influenza A
What are two ways to target nucleic acid synthesis?
Nucleoside analogs and non-nucleoside analogs
What are two ways that nucleoside analogs can work?
Inhibition of viral polymerase via chain terminations
Errors in replication/transcription
What is acyclovir used to treat?
Herpes infections
How does acyclovir work?
Acts as a purine mimic, but lacks the 3’ hydroxyl.
Converted by HSV thymidine kinase (viral) so only infected cells will be exposed.
Acyclovir triphosphate incorporates into the DNA chain and has no 3’ OH, so termination is cancelled.