Hepatitis Viruses Flashcards
Hepatitis A is what type of virus?
Picorna
Hepatitis B is what type of virus
Hepadna
Hepatitis C is what type of virus>
Flavivirdae
Hep A Public health claim to fame?
Most common vaccine-preventable disease in the world
Hep A genome?
+ssRNA with 5’viral protein
Icosahedral capsid
No Envelope
Hep A inactivated by…
Chlorine treatment
Formalin
Peracetic Acidbeta-propiolactone
UV radiation
Describe acute hepatitis infection.
Flulike Symptoms
Icteric Phase –> Dark urine, pale stool, jaundice, ab pain
Usually complete recovery
What is icterus?
Jaundice
Cause of jaundice?
Increased bilirubin levels
RBC death, heme converted to bilirubin
Bili. conjugated in liver, enters bile, and excreted
Long term consequences of Hep A?
No chronic state, No cancer
Serological course of Hep A
ALT spike, IgM anti HAV, Other anti-HAV
How does Hep A transfer?
Close personal contact
contaminated food/water
Blood Exposure
How is Hep A diagnosed?
ELISA identification of HAV-IgM Abs
Ig levels of acute infection?
IgG and IgM
Ig levels of very early acute?
IgM
Ig levels of person with no acute HAV infection?
IgG
Ig levels, no infection or immunity
None
Hep B genome?
Circular ds DNA
icosahedral
envelope
Proteins in Caspid?
Hep B Core Antigen
Soluble Core Protein
Clinical Presentation of Acute Hep B
Most Asymptomatic
Jaundice hepatitis
Fulminant hepatits - GI bleeding, coming, encephalopathy, ascites
Clinical Presentation of Chronic Hep B
Can be asymptomatic
Similar symptoms
May lead to serious liver damage, failure, cirrhosis, cancer
Pathogenesis of Hep B
HBV infects liver
Immune mediated lysis of infected cells produce symptoms to resolve infection
Insufficient immunity leads to chronic disease
Acute Hep B serological course?
HBsAg (IgG), then IgM anti-HBc, then anti-HBs
Chronic Hep B serological course?
HBsAg, then IgM anti-HBc
How is Hep B transmitted?
Blod, Sex, Direct Contact, Transplacental
Treatment for Hep B?
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (Lamivudine, Adefovir)
Control of Hep B?
Scanning donated blood, Vaccination
Infection with Hep C causes… (3)
Chronic Hepatitis
Cirrhosis
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hep C genome?
+ssRNA
Enveloped
Hep C Clinical Presentation?
Usually Nothing
Rarely – Jaundice, fatigue, myalgia, nausea, vomiting
Pathogenesis of Hep C?
Cell-mediated immunopathology damages liver
Microscopically spotted parenchymal cells
Sources of Hep C?
Injected Drug Use
Sexual
Transfusion
Mother to Child Transmission (in birth, not breastfeeding)
Which needle stick will more likely cause disease – HCV or HIV?
HCV
Treatment for Hep C?
Interferon
Ribavirin
Boceprevir or telaprevir (protease inhibitors)
Hepatitis D virus’s weakness?
Requires Hep B to steal envelope protein
Hep D virus type?
Satellite virus
Enveloped
Only protein encoded by Hep D?
Delta antigen
Hep D genome?
-ssRNA in covalently closed circle
Clinical Presentation of Hep D
Co-infection – Severe acute disease, potential liver disease, low risk of chronic infection
Super-infection – Fulminane hepatitis, chronic HDV
Control for Hep D?
Prevention of Hep B
Lamivudine
Hep E genetics.
+ssRNA, icosahedral, non enveloped
Clinical presentation of Hep E
Jaundice, Fatigue, Ab Pain, Loss of Appetite, Tea Urine
How is hep E spread?
Fecal-Oral route, esp. in contam. water
Parts of the world with prevalent Hep E?
Central/SE Asia, N and W africa, Mexico
How to prevent Hep E?
Improved Sanitation
