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2A PRELIM > PARA LEC > Flashcards

PARA LEC Flashcards

1
Q

is the area of biology concerned
with the phenomenon of dependence of one
living organism on another

A

Parasitology

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2
Q

is concerned primarily with parasites of humans
and their medical significance, as well as their
importance in human communities

A

Medical Parasitology

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3
Q

is a branch of medicine that deals
with tropical diseases and other special medical
problems of tropical regions

A

Tropical
Medicine

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4
Q

is an illness, which is indigenous to or endemic
in a tropical area but may also occur in sporadic
or epidemic proportions in areas that are not
tropical

A

tropical disease

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5
Q

is the
living together of unlike organisms. It may also
involve protection or other advantages to one
or both organisms

A

Symbiosis

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6
Q

is a symbiotic
relationship in which two species live together
and one species benefits from the relationship
without harming or benefiting the other

A

Commensalism

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7
Q

is a symbiosis in which two organisms mutually
benefit from each other like termites and the
flagellates in their digestive system, which
synthesize cellulase to aid in the breakdown
of ingested wood

A

Mutualism

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8
Q

is a symbiotic
relationship where one organism, the parasite,
lives in or on another, depending on the latter
for its survival and usually at the expense of the
host.

A

Parasitism

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9
Q

A parasite
living inside the body of a host is known as an

A

endoparasite

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10
Q

a parasite living outside
the body of a host

A

ectoparasite.

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11
Q

The
presence of an endoparasite in a host is called an

A

infection

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12
Q

the presence of an ectoparasite
on a host is called an

A

infestation.

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13
Q

A parasite is
considered _________________ when it is found in an organ
which is not its usual habitat.

A

erratic

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14
Q

Most parasites
are _____________________ in that they need a host
at some stage of their life cycle to complete
their development and to propagate their
species.

A

obligate parasites

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15
Q

A __________________ may exist in a free-living
state or may become parasitic when the need arises

A

facultative parasite

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16
Q

A parasite, which establishes itself in a host where it does not ordinarily live, is called
an _______________________

A

accidental or incidental parasite

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17
Q

A _______________________ remains on or in the body of the host
for its entire life, while a _____________________ lives
on the host only for a short period of time

A

permanent parasite, temporary parasite

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18
Q

A ________________________ is a free-living organism that
passes through the digestive tract without
infecting the hos

A

spurious parasite

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19
Q

A _______________________ is one in
which the parasite attains sexual maturity

A

definitive or final host

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20
Q

An _______________ harbors
the asexual or larval stage of the parasite

A

intermediate host

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21
Q

A ___________________ is one in which the
parasite does not develop further to later stages

A

paratenic host

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22
Q

_________________ are responsible for transmitting the
parasite from one host to another.

A

Vectors

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23
Q

A ______________ transmits the parasite only after the
latter has completed its development within
the host

A

biologic
vector

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24
Q

A ______________________, only transports the parasite.

A

mechanical or phoretic vector

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25
Q

A ___________ harbors a particular pathogen without
manifesting any signs and symptoms.

A

carrier

26
Q

________________ is the process of inoculating an infective agent

A

Exposure

27
Q

_____________________ connotes the establishment of
the infective agent in the host

A

infection

28
Q

The __________________ is the period between
infection and evidence of symptoms.

A

incubation period

29
Q

is the period between
infection or acquisition of the parasite and
evidence or demonstration of infection

A

biologic incubation period

30
Q

results when an infected
individual becomes his own direct source of
infection

A

Autoinfection

31
Q

is the use of anthelminthic
drugs in an individual or a public health
program

A

Deworming

32
Q

refers to the number
(usually expressed as a percentage) of previously
positive subjects found to be egg negative
on examination of a stool or urine sample
using a standard procedure at a set time after
deworming

A

Cure rate

33
Q

is the
percentage fall in egg counts after deworming
based on examination of a stool or urine sample
using a standard procedure at a set time after
the treatment.

A

Egg reduction rate (ERR)

34
Q

are provided with a nucleus or nuclei, cytoplasm,
an outer limiting membrane, and cellular
elaborations called organelles

A

protozoan parasites

35
Q

Many of these protozoa require a ____________________ for feeding, locomotion,
osmoregulation, and reproduction

A

wet environment

36
Q

infective stage of a protozoa, also is relatively resistant to environmental changes

A

cysts

37
Q

vegetative state of a protozoa

A

trophozoites

38
Q

Helminths causing infections in man belong to three groups

A

annelids, nematodes, and flatworms.

39
Q

are also known as
roundworms because they are elongated and
cylindrical in shape, with bilateral symmetry

A

nematodes

40
Q

parasites that have a complete digestive tract
and a muscular pharynx that is characteristically
triradiate. They are provided with separate
sexes, although some may be parthenogenetic

A

nematodes

41
Q

are dorso-ventrally flattened with
bilateral symmetry

A

Cestodes

42
Q

cestodes have an
anterior structure called the _________________, which is
the main organ of attachment of the worm to
the definitive host.

A

scolex

43
Q

Adult trematodes
are equipped with an oral sucker, and a
ventral sucker called an acetabulum

A

acetabulum

44
Q

A third sucker in trematodes are called a ___________________ is observed only among the heterophyids

A

genital sucker or gonotyl

45
Q

composed of
bilaterally symmetrical organisms with
segmented and jointed appendages. The
body is covered with a chitinous exoskeleton

A

Arthropods

46
Q

Entamoeba histolytica is currently classified within the subphylum ______________, superclass
__________________, class _____________, order ______________,
family ______________, and genus ________________.

A

Sarcodina, Rhizopoda, Lobosea, Amoebida, Entamoebidae, Entamoeba

47
Q

E. histolytica trophozoites adhere
to the colonic mucosa through a ______________________

A

galactose inhibitable adherence lectin (Gal lectin)

48
Q

the amebae kill mucosal cells by activation of their _____________, leading to their apoptotic death
engulfment

A

caspase-3

49
Q

presents as gradual
onset of abdominal pain and diarrhea with or
without blood and mucus in the stools

A

Amebic colitis

50
Q

It clinically presents as
a mass-like lesion with abdominal pain and
a history of dysentery. It can be mistaken for
carcinoma

A

Ameboma

51
Q

is the most
common extra-intestinal form of amebiasis.

A

Amebic liver abscess (ALA)

52
Q

a minimum of __________ stool specimens
collected on different days should be examined.

A

three

52
Q

The standard method of parasitologic
diagnosis is ________________________ of the
trophozoites and cysts in stool specimens.

A

microscopic detection

53
Q

For detection of trophozoites, ________________
specimens should be examined within _________________ from defecation

A

fresh stool, 30 minutes

54
Q

____________________ is the drug of choice
for the treatment of invasive amebiasis

A

Metronidazole

55
Q

is the drug of choice for asymptomatic
cyst passers

A

Diloxanide furoate

56
Q

______________ are the major reservoirs of
infection with E. histolytica

A

Humans

57
Q

is morphologically
similar to E. histolytica, but their DNA and
ribosomal RNA are different.

A

Entamoeba dispar

58
Q

The appearance of _________________ is relatively
similar to that of E. histolytica apart from its
smaller size

A

E. hartmanni

59
Q
A

2A PRELIM (16 decks)

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