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PARA INTESTINAL FLAGELLATES Flashcards

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1
Q

an intestinal parasitic flagellate known to cause epidemic and endemic diarrhea

A

Giardia intestinalis

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2
Q

symptoms include diarrhea, stomach cramps, and bloating

A

Giardiasis

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3
Q

Giardia intestinalis was discovered by ______________________________ in his own stool (1681)

A

Antoine van Leeuwenhoek

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4
Q

first described by _________ a french scientist

A

Dr. F. Lambl (1859)

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5
Q

Dr. F. Lambl called it

A

Cercomonas intestinalis

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6
Q

replication of Giardia intestinalis

A

Longitudinal Binary Fission

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7
Q

young cyst of G. intestinalis have __ nuclei while mature cysts have ___

A

2, 4

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8
Q

shape of Giardia intestinalis cyst

A

Ovoid in shape

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9
Q

shape of Giardia intestinalis trophozoite

A

pyriform or teardrop-shaped

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10
Q

Giardia intestinalis trophozoite nuclei

A

pair of ovoidal nuclei, each side of the midline

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11
Q

Giardia intestinalis dorsal side is _________ while ventral side is _______________

A

Convex, Concave

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12
Q

Medial line of Giardia intestinalis is called

A

axostyle

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13
Q

the Giardia intestinalis trophozoite has 4 pairs of flagella,____________________, ______________________, ________________________

A

1 pair extending anteriorly, 1 pair extending posteriorly, 2 pairs extending centrally

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14
Q

infective stage of Giardia intestinalis

A

MATURE CYST

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15
Q

excystation of Giardia intestinalis happens in

A

duodenum

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16
Q

Giardia intestinalis trophozoites attaches to the ______________________

A

intestinal villi

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17
Q

Giardia intestinalis cysts are passed out in the stool and are viable up to ___________ in water

A

3 months

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18
Q

encystation of Giardia intestinalis occurs in

A

colon or large intestine

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19
Q

Giardia intestinalis is able to alter _____________________ once it has attached to the apical portion of the enterocyte

A

mucosal intestinal cells

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20
Q

Giardia intestinalis attachment is maximal at _________________ and stable at pH ____________

A

Body temperature, 7.8- 8.2

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21
Q

Giardia intestinalis avoid peristalsis by __________________

A

trapping in between the villi

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22
Q

alterations caused by Giardia intestinalis include

A

villous flattening, crypt hypertrophy

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23
Q

Clinical manifestation of Giardia intestinalis in chronic cases

A

Steatorrhea

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24
Q

Clinical manifestation of Giardia intestinalis in acute cases

A

Abdominal pain and cramping
Abdominal Bloating
Diarrhea
Excessive flatus
Odor of rotten eggs
Nausea
Anorexia

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25
Clinical manifestation of Giardiasis
Mild Diarrhea Abdominal Cramps Anorexia Flatulence
26
motility of Giardia intestinalis
Falling leaf or Floating leaf-like
27
recommended number of stool specimens for Giardia intestinalis
3 stool examinations on alternate days
28
Treatment for Giardia intestinalis
- Metronidazole - Tinidazole - Furazolidone - Albendazole - Nitazoxanide (Drug resistant Cases)
29
common flagellates of the tropical areas
Trichomonas spp.
30
Trichomonas spp. only exist in ____________
trophozoite stage
31
Trichomonas spp. has an ________ which runs down the middle of the body and ends in the pointed end of the trophozoite
axostyle
32
Trichomonas spp. consists of _____ flagella
3-5
33
inhabits the mouth and the smallest among the Trichomonas spp.
Trichomonas tenax
34
inhabits the intestine and is slightly larger than T. tenax
Trichomonas hominis
35
inhabits the genital tract and is the largest among the Trichomonas spp.
Trichomonas vaginalis
36
most robust Trichomonas spp.
Trichomonas vaginalis
37
most slender Trichomonas spp.
Trichomonas tenax
38
Trichomonas vaginalis and tenax have _______________ undulating membrane accompanied by a very narrow costa with ________________
less than body length, no posterior trailing flagellum
39
nucleus of Trichomonas vaginalis
Nucleus Elongated with chromatin usually appearing like small or fine granules, uniformly distributed Rounded, oval, or angular in shape with chromatin varying in appearance: homogenous or large masses
40
nucleus of Trichomonas tenax
Rounded, oval, or angular in shape with chromatin varying in appearance: homogenous or large masses
41
axostyle of Trichomonas vaginalis
May split up into 2-8 splinters
42
axostyle of Trichomonas tenax
slender
43
appearance in iron hemotoxylin prep of Trichomonas vaginalis
granules are prominent
44
appearance in iron hemotoxylin prep of Trichomonas tenax
granules along the costa, but are few
45
lives in the tartar around the teeth and gums
T. tenax
46
Non pathogenic Trichomonas spp.
T. tenax T. hominis
47
inhabits the cecal area of large intestine
T. hominis
48
mode of transmission of Trichomonas hominis
Fecal-oral Route
49
motility of Trichomonas spp.
jerky, quirvy
50
most prevalent non-viral STI
Trichomoniasis
51
Trichomonas vaginalis is found in the ____________________ of women
vagina, renal pelvis
52
Trichomonas vaginalis is found in the ____________________ of men
urethra, prostate, epididymis
53
Mode of transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis
Sexual Intercourse
54
include symptoms of scanty secretion mixed with mucus and purulent and copious
Vaginal Infection (STRAWBERRY CERVIX)
55
Trichomonas vaginalis secretes foul-smelling liquid vaginal secretions, __________ or ________ in color
greenish or yellow
56
quickest and most inexpensive way to diagnose trichomoniasis
saline preparation of vaginal fluid
57
golden standard of Trichomonas vaginalis Culture
2 to 5 days - Diamond's modified medium - Feinberg and Whittington medium
58
standard treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis
Metronidazole
59
Motility of T. vaginalis
Rapid, jerky
60
Motility of T. hominis
Nervous, jerky
61
only intestinal ciliate infecting humans
Balantidium coli
62
reservoir host of Balantidium coli
PIGS
63
disease caused by Balantidium coli
Balantidiasis
64
bean shaped, easily identified
Macronucleus
65
extrusive organelles beneath the cell membrane
Mucocysts
66
color of Balantidium coli if unstained
greenish-yellow
67
incubation period of Balantidium coli
4-5 days
68
excystation of Balantidium coli occurs in _________________
small intestine
69
trophozoite inhabit the lumen, mucosa, and submucosa of the ____________________
large intestine
70
Balantidium coli reproduction
asymmetric binary fission
71
infective stage of Balantidium coli
Cysts via hog's feces
72
Do not present with diarrhea or dysentery, may serve as parasite reservoir
Asymptomatic Carriers
73
diarrhea with bloody and mucoid stool
Balantidial Dysentery/ Fulminant Balantidiasis
74
6 to 15 episodes of diarrhea accompanied with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting
Acute Balantidiasis
75
Diarrhea may alternate with constipation, and may be accompanied by non specific symptoms such as: - Abdominal pain - Anemia
Chronic Balantidiasis
76
infection of mesenteric nodes, appendix, liver, genitourinary sites, pleura, and lungs
Extraintestinal Balantidiasis
77
Extraintestinal Balantidiasis complications
Intestinal Perforation & Acute Appendicitis
78
treatment for Balantidium coli
metronidazole 750g per 3 times daily tetracycline 500mg or 40mg/kg/dose divided in 4 doses for 10 days (adult and children)
79
diagnosis for Pulmonary Balantidiasis
Bronchoalveolar washing

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