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2A PRELIM > BACTE LEC NUTRITION > Flashcards

BACTE LEC NUTRITION Flashcards

1
Q

MAJOR nutritional needs of bacteria

A

Carbon, Nitrogen, ATP

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2
Q

responsible for making cellular components and representing 50% of the dry weight of the bacterium

A

CARBON

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3
Q

responsible for making proteins and makes up 14% of the bacterium

A

NITROGEN

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4
Q

the source of energy and for carrying out cellular functions

A

ATP

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5
Q

This makes up the additional 4% of the weight of the bacteria

A
  • Phosphates for nucleic acid
  • Phospholipids for cell membranes
  • Sulfur for protein synthesis
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6
Q

use carbon dioxide as sole carbon source, with only water and inorganic salts as substrates

A

Autotrophs

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7
Q

reduce in inorganic molecules for energy conservation/ biosynthesis

A

litotrophs

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8
Q

require an organic source of carbon (glucose) and obtain energy by either oxidation or fermentation

A

Heterotrophs

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9
Q

require organic substance for growth and multiplication

A

organotrophs

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10
Q

obtain energy photosynthetically

A

phototrophs

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11
Q

obtain energy through oxidation of inorganic compounds

A

Chemolithotrophs

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12
Q

all bacteria that inhabit the human body belong to this category

A

Heterotrophs

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13
Q

organisms that require oxygen and grow well with room air

A

Aerobes

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14
Q

Aerobes grows in ambient air, which contains ____ oxygen and a small amount ____ of CO2

A

21%, 0.03%/ 0.04% (mahon book)

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15
Q

do not require oxygen to grown and survive

A

Anaerobes

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16
Q

cannot grow in the presence of oxygen

A

Anaerobes

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17
Q

atmosphere of anaerobe jars, bags, or chambers is composed of _________ hydrogen, _______ CO2, __________ nitrogen, and ____ 02

A

5-10% Hydrogen
5-10% CO2
80-90% Nitrogen
0% O2

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18
Q

do not require the presence of oxygen, and they die after prolonged exposure to air

A

Obligate Anaerobes

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19
Q

Example of Obligate Anaerobes

A

Clostridium and Bacteroides

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20
Q

most clinically significant bacteria, organisms that can grow either in the presence or absence of oxygen

A

Facultative Anaerobes

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21
Q

aerobes that can grow anearobically

A

Facultative Anaerobes

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22
Q

Example of Facultative Anaerobes

A

Enterobacteriaceae

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23
Q

organisms can survive the presence of oxygen but unable to perform metabolic processes unless situated in an anaerobic environment

A

Aerotolerant Anaerobes

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24
Q

example of Aerotolerant Anaerobes

A

Lactobacillus and Cutibacterium

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25
Q

most potent biological oxidant known, and detrimental to cell components such as proteins and nucleic acids

A

Hydroxyl radical

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26
Q

why some organisms are anearobic

A

lack enzymes to counteract superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide

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27
Q

Obligate aerobes and facultative anaerobic bacteria have ____________ and _____________

A

Superoxide dismutase, catalase

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28
Q

converts the superoxide anion to oxygen and H2O2

A

Superoxide dismutase

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29
Q

breaks H2O2 to O2 and water

A

Catalase

30
Q

an organism that requires only 2-10% oxygen (Decreased Oxygen) for growth and increased CO2 (8-10%)

A

Microaerophiles

31
Q

EXAMPLE of Microaerophiles

A

Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Treponema

32
Q

An organism that requires increased CO2 (5-10%) and approximately 15% O2

A

Capnophiles

33
Q

Capnophiles examples

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae

34
Q

grows well at 1-20 deg C (ave: 10 deg C)

A

Psychrophiles/ Cryophiles

35
Q

Psychrophiles/ Cryophiles example

A

Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica

36
Q

Grow between at 20 to 45 deg C

A

Mesophiles

37
Q

most commonly encountered pathogenic bacteria

A

Mesophiles

38
Q

the optimum temperature for most clinically significant bacteria is _________________

A

35-37deg C

39
Q

organisms grow at 50-60 deg C

A

Thermophiles/ Hyperthermophiles

40
Q

Thermophiles/ Hyperthermophiles example

A

Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Thermus aquaticus

41
Q

prokaryotes that are able to survive in unusual conditions like the absence of oxygen. increased temperature, and living below the surface of the Earth

A

Extremophiles

42
Q

Extremophiles example

A

Bacillus infernus

43
Q

measure of the hydrogen ion concentration

A

pH Scale

44
Q

the optimum pH for most pathogenic bacteria is from pH ______________________

A

6.5 to 7.5

45
Q

Diagnostic laboratory culture media for bacterial isolation are usually adjusted to a final pH between _____________________

A

7.0 to 7.5

46
Q

grow between pH 0-5.5

A

Acidophiles

47
Q

grow between pH 5.5-8.0

A

Neutrophiles

48
Q

grown between 8.5- 11.5

A

Alkalophiles

49
Q

examples for Acidophiles

A

Lactobacillus acidophilus

50
Q

most clinically significant bacteria according to pH requirement

A

neutrophiles

51
Q

examples for Alkalophiles

A

Vibrio

52
Q

this is indispensable for bacterial growth. it serves as a solvent for food and forms the major portion of the protoplasm

A

moisture

53
Q

organisms requiring increased moisture content are termed __________________________

A

humidophiles

54
Q

organisms that require and grown in increased concentration of sodium chloride

A

Halophiles

55
Q

Halophiles examples

A

listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio spp.

56
Q

are substances that are required by fastidious bacteria for their growth and multiplication

A

growth factors

57
Q

organisms that require complex nutritional requirement/ growth factors in order to grow (blood)

A

Fastidious

58
Q

examples of growth factors

A

Amino acids
Purines
Pyrimidines
Vitamins
Fatty Acids

59
Q

growth factor for h. influenzae

A

blood

60
Q

oxidized form of hemoglobin

A

X factor AKA hemin (heat stable)

61
Q

is produced by some bacteria or from potato or yeast extract

A

V factor AKA NAD/ Coenzyme I (Heat liable)

62
Q

Bacteria according to carbon source

A

AUTOTROPHS
HETEROTROPHS

63
Q

Bacteria according to oxygen requirement

A

AEROBES
ANAEROBES
MICROAEROPHILES

64
Q

TYPES OF ANAEROBES

A

OBLIGATE ANAEROBES
FACULTATIVE ANAEROBES
AEROTOLERANT ANAEROBES

65
Q

Bacteria according to CO2 requirement

A

CAPNOPHILES

66
Q

Bacteria according to temperature requirement

A

-PSYCHROPHILES/ CRYPHILES
-MESOPHILES
-THERMOPHILES/ HYPERTHERMOPHILES
-EXTREMOPHILES

67
Q

Bacteria according to pH requirement

A

ACIDOPHILES
NEUTROPHILES
ALKALOPHILES

68
Q

Bacteria according to moisture requirement

A

HUMIDOPHILES

69
Q

Bacteria according to inorganic salts concentration requirement

A

HALOPHILES

70
Q

Bacteria according to growth factors

A

FASTIDIOUS

2A PRELIM (16 decks)

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