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2A PRELIM > BACTE SPECIMEN MANAGEMENT > Flashcards

BACTE SPECIMEN MANAGEMENT Flashcards

1
Q

The goal of the collector in specimen collection

A

maintain the viability of
organisms with minimal contamination

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2
Q

collect the specimen in the ______________ of the infection _________________________ and _________________________________

A

acute (early) phase, or within 2-3 days for viral infections, before antibiotics are administered

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3
Q

Collect the specimen using the proper technique and
supplies with minimal contamination from ____________________

A

normal biota

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4
Q

Label the specimen accurately with the specific
anatomic site and the patient information—_______________________________________________________

A

patient’s
name and unique identification number, as well as
date and time of collection.

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5
Q

collection medium for upper respiratory tract, and genitourinary tract

A

Pre-moistened Swab

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6
Q

collection medium for Stool

A

Clean Leak-proof
Container

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7
Q

collection medium for corneal scrapings

A

Bedside Plating

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8
Q

collection medium for Hair, Nails, Skin scrapings

A

Clean Screw Top-tube (for
fungal culture)

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9
Q

Bags should be marked with ______________________________

A

BIOHAZARD LABEL

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10
Q

when using swabs ________________ should be summited

A

Two swabs, (direct smear and culture)

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11
Q

Wound fibers
may trap
specimens and
prevent the
efficient release

A

Regular Fiber Swab

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12
Q

Perpendicular
arrangement of fibers
and solid swab head
aid in the release of
specimen

A

Nylon Flocked Swab

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13
Q

preferred material for the tip of swabs

A

Dacron, rayon, or Calcium alginate

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14
Q

contain excessive fatty acids
which are inhibitory and toxic to some bacteria

A

Cotton-tipped swabs

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15
Q

To counteract fatty acids, ___________________ can be added to media to absorb fatty acids present
in the specimen

A

charcoal

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16
Q

_______________________
are not recommended for viral collection (SARS-CoV-2)

A

Calcium alginate swabs or swabs with wooden shafts

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17
Q

is not an appropriate specimen source when the exact
anatomic site is not provided.

A

WOUND

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18
Q

swab recommended for viral collection

A

Use synthetic fiber swabs with thin or wire shafts (nylon flocked swabs)

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19
Q

The specimen for wound should be collected by _______________________ rather than by swab from the advancing
margin of the lesion

A

needle aspiration

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20
Q

Specimen that can be collected by patients

A

Urine, sputum, stool

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21
Q

specimen should be Transported ideally within __________ of collection, preferably within _____

A

30 mins, 2 hrs

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22
Q

specimens that must immediately be transported

A

Bone, Prostatic samples tube

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23
Q

specimens that must transported in less than 15 mins

A

Body fluids, CSF, Gastric wash or lavage

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24
Q

specimens that must transported within 1 hour

A

Gastric biopsy, Stool

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25
Q

specimens that must transported within 24 hours

A

Bone marrow aspirate, preserved clean-voided midstream urine

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26
Q

fungal culture, hair, nail scrapings must be transported within ________

A

● 72 hrs

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27
Q

unpreserved urine must be transported within __________

A

30 mins

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28
Q

If transport is delayed, the specimen can be
maintained by storage under certain conditions or with
the use of

A

Preservatives
○ Anticoagulants
○ Transport or holding medium or culture
medium

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29
Q

used to maintain urine colony counts

A

Boric Acid

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30
Q

preservation for
stool for ova and parasite examination ( maintain the
integrity of trophozoites and cysts)

A

Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) and Buffered Formalin

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31
Q

__________ for Clostridium difficile toxin assay should be
collected without a preservative and can be
refrigerated

A

Stools

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32
Q

Preservatives (fixatives) should NOT be ADDED to
fecal specimens for _________________

A

bacteriological testing

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33
Q

Stool specimens for bacterial culture that are
not transported immediately can be _________________, at around ___________________

A

refrigerated, -70 deg C

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34
Q

f the delay is longer than 2 hours, the specimen can be added to ___________________________

A

Cary-Blair transport medium

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35
Q

Contains substances that do not promote the
multiplication of microorganisms but ensure their
preservation and are available in swab collection
systems

A

TRANSPORT OR HOLDING MEDIA

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36
Q

Commercial transport
system used for N.
gonorrhoeae

A

JEMBEC (John E. Martin
Biologic Environmental
Chamber)

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37
Q

Contains selective agar
(Modified Thayer-Martin)
and carbon dioxide
generating tablet (sodium
bicarbonate and citric
acid)

A

JEMBEC (John E. Martin
Biologic Environmental
Chamber)

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38
Q

● Recovery of aerobic and
anaerobic bacteria
● For respiratory samples

A

Amie’s transport media

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39
Q

● For stool pathogens
(Salmonella, Shigella,
Vibrio, or Campylobacter)

A

Cary-Blair

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40
Q

Multi-purpose transport
media

A

Stuart’s

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41
Q

● Neisseria

A

Transgrow

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42
Q

● For vaginal swab (S.
agalactiae)

A

Todd-Hewitt and LIM
(Modified Todd-Hewitt)

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43
Q

● Viral Transport Media
(VTM)

A

Leibovitz-Emory media

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44
Q

● Suspected bacillary
dysentery (stool)

A

Sach’s buffered glycerol
saline

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45
Q

● Suspected Cholera

A

Venkatraman
Ramakrishnan (VR)
medium

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46
Q

To prevent clotting of specimens, including blood,
bone marrow, and synovial fluid ( if the specimen is
clotted, organisms are trapped in clotted material an
difficult to isolate)

A

ANTICOAGULANTS

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47
Q

commonly used and is the most
appropriate/common anticoagulant used for
microbiology specimens

A

Sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS) at 0.025%

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48
Q

blood to sps ratio

A

10:1

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49
Q

______________ - counteracts the action of SPS

A

Addition of 1% gelatin

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50
Q

often used for viral cultures and isolation of
Mycobacterium spp. from blood and may inhibit the
growth of gram-positive bacteria and yeast

A

Heparin

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51
Q

specimen storage for Body Fluids, Bone
IUD (Intrauterine Device)
IV catheters
Prostatic Fluid in TUBES
Suprapubic Aspirate

A

Must be plated as
soon as received

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52
Q

specimen storage for Blood, Corneal Scrapings

A

Must be incubated at
37 deg C on

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53
Q

specimen storage for blood

A

Less than or equal to
2 hrs at ROOM TEMP

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54
Q

specimen storage for Abscess, Bone Marrow Aspirate,
Body fluids, Inner Ear, CSF for
bacteria (15th edition), Conjunctiva,
Aqueous Fluid, Corneal Scraping,
Rectal Swab, Genital Tracts,
Prostate fluid SWAB, Urethra,
Upper Respiratory Tract, Tissues

A

Within 24 hrs at
ROOM
TEMPERATURE

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55
Q

specimen storage for Pericardial Fluid and other fluids
(fungal culture), External Ear, IV
Catheters, Gastric Wash/Lavage,
Gastric Biopsy, Stool (Routine),
Unpreserved stool for E. coli toxin
assays, BAL, Endotracheal
aspirate, BW/BB, Sputum,
Clean-voided midstream urine and
Straight catheter

A

Within 24 hrs at 4 deg C

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56
Q

specimen storage for C. difficile culture or nucleic acid
detection

A

2 days at 4 deg C

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57
Q

specimen storage for CSF for viruses detection

A

3 days at 4 deg C

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58
Q

specimen storage for Stool for O&P Examination, Hair,
Skin and Nails (for Fungal Culture)

A

INDEFINITELY at
Room Temperature

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59
Q

Layers of triple package

A

PRIMARY RECEPTACLE
SECONDARY CONTAINER
THIRD RECEPTACLE

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60
Q
  • contains the infectious
    substance and the receptacle should be
    watertight, leak-proof, and labeled properly
    including the contents of the sample
A

Primary receptacle

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61
Q

s watertight,
leakproof packaging, and is used to enclose
and protect the primary receptacle(s)

A

Secondary container

62
Q

protects the secondary
container from physical damage during
transport (rigid outer packaging)

A

Third receptacle

63
Q

a material known or
suspected to contain a pathogen (bacteria, viruses,
rickettsiae, parasites, fungi, or prions) that causes
disease in humans or animals.

A

infectious substances

64
Q

Critical/Invasive
- Potentially
life-threatening and
from an invasive
source
- Require immediate
processing

A

LEVEL 1 SPECIMEN

65
Q

Amniotic fluid,
Blood, Brain,
CSF, Heart
valves,
Pericardian fluid

A

LEVEL 1 SPECIMEN

66
Q

Unpreserved
- Unprotected and
may quickly
degrade or have
overgrowth of
contaminating biota

A

LEVEL 2 SPECIMEN

67
Q

Body fluids (not
listed for Level 1).
Bone, Drainage
from wounds,
Feces, Sputum,
Tissue

A

LEVEL 2 SPECIMEN

68
Q

specimen with Quantitation required

A

LEVEL 3 SPECIMEN

69
Q

Feces and urine
in preservative,
swabs in holding
medium

A

LEVEL 4 SPECIMEN

70
Q

Preserved specimen

A

LEVEL 4 SPECIMEN

71
Q

Proper identification of each specimen includes a
label firmly attached to the container with the following
information:

A

Name
○ ID number
○ Room number
○ Physician
○ Culture Site
○ Date of Collection
○ Time of Collection

72
Q

The ____________________ must contain sufficient
information for the specimen and requisition to be
matched up when received in the laboratory

A

specimen label

73
Q

Blood should be drawn during the time of _______________

A

febrile (fever) episode.

74
Q

The venipuncture site should be disinfected with
______________________________

A

chlorhexidine-alcohol. (70 % Alcohol then 2%
clorhexidine then 2% tincture of iodine)

75
Q

is the
recommended skin antiseptic for blood
cultures, infants 2 months and older and for
patients with iodine sensitivity.

A

Chlorhexidine gluconate

76
Q

A set of blood culture bottle is composed of two
bottles - _____________________, Fill _________ first before _____________

A

one each of aerobic and anaerobic culture bottles, Aerobic, anaerobic

77
Q

Disinfect the cap of blood culture bottles with _______________________ and wait ______

A

70%
isopropyl alcohol or chlorhexidine, 30 secs

78
Q

Recommended blood-to-broth-ratio is ______________________ to
negate antibacterial activity

A

1:5 to 1:10

79
Q

________________________ will satisfy the required volume of the sample to detect\ bacteremia

A

Three sets of blood cultures

80
Q

At least ______ of blood collected per day

A

60ml

81
Q

Collect samples before patient receive ____________________

A

antimicrobial therapy-

82
Q

Do NOT draw more than ____________ in a 24-h period

A

four sets

83
Q

specimen of
choice for urine culture

A

Clean-voided midstream (CVS) (Minimum volume: 2-3 mL)

84
Q

preferred as it provides
more concentrated sample (specimen of choice for
molecular studies)

A

First morning specimen -

85
Q

clean urethral area and
insert catheter into bladder, allowing first 15 ml to
pass then collect remainder

A

Catheterized specimen

86
Q

specimen of choice for
anaerobic culture (needle aspiration above the
symphysis pubis through the abdominal wall into the
full bladder)

A

Suprapubic aspirate

87
Q

aspirate 5-10 ml with needle
and syringe

A

Indwelling catheter

88
Q

formula for colony count

A

Colony count = No. of colonies x Factor

89
Q

1ul (0.001 ml) - Factor to be used: __________

A

1000

90
Q

10ul (0.01 ml) - Factor to be used: _______

A

100

91
Q

Values ____________________ indicate infections

A

greater than 1.0 X10^5

92
Q

Values between __________________
colonies/ml are considered contaminants.

A

1.0 X 10^3 and 1.0 X10^5

93
Q

Specimen of choice for the detection of
gastrointestinal pathogens

A

STOOL

94
Q

Stool specimens should be ________________ to the
container; not be contaminated with urine or water.

A

excreted directly

95
Q

How many specimens for Bacterial infection: ________________________

A

3 specimens (once a day for 3 days)

96
Q

How many specimens for Parasitic infection: ________________________

A

3 specimens within 10
days

97
Q

Ratio of Stool to Preservative -

A

1:3

98
Q

In case of microscopy, use ________________ to
observe fecal WBCS.

A

methylene blue

99
Q

If a patient has received antiparasitic drugs, the
specimen collection should be done after ______________

A

7 to 10
days

100
Q

If a patient is undergoing barium studies, the
patient must delay specimen collection until the
_______________________________

A

barium has cleared (4 to 5 days)

101
Q

appears as a white chalky
substance in the specimen and masks the
appearance of parasites under the
microscope

A

Barium

102
Q

Do not perform routine stool cultures for patients
whose length of stay in the hospital ____________
and whose admitting diagnosis was _________________;
these patients should be tested for __________________

A

exceeds 3 days, not diarrhea, Clostridiodes difficile

103
Q

Used to diagnose bacterial pneumonia

A

SPUTUM

104
Q

is the preferred sputum (AFB microscopy)

A

First early morning specimen

105
Q

specimens are required for mycobacterial infections

A

Two to three consecutive early morning specimens

106
Q

Patients are allowed to breath aerosolized droplets of
solution containing _________________________ for approximately ________________ or until________________ is initiated

A

15% sodium chloride and 10%
glycerin, 10 minutes, cough

107
Q

_____________________ is used to collect sputum for pediatric and “uncooperative” patients

A

induced sputum

108
Q

Patients should gargle their mouth with water and
expectorate with the aid of a deep cough directly into
a sterile container

A

expectorated sputum

109
Q

Sputum is rejected if it
represents the saliva and not the lower respiratory tract secretions

A

Bartlett’s Criteria

110
Q

For sputum samples to be accepted
for cultivation, there should be _________________________ and
________________________ per LPO

A

<10 SQUAMOUS epithelial cells, >25 pus cells (PMNs)

111
Q

Collected through lumbar puncture

A

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

112
Q

CSF specimen
1st tube: _____________________
2nd tube: ____________________
3rd tube: _________________

A

chemistry, microbiology, hematology

113
Q

CSF Should be processed ___________________ but can be stored up to __________________________

A

immediately, 6 hours at 35-37 deg C

114
Q

CSF needed for bacteria % virus, AFB & fungi

A

equal or greater than 1ml
equal or greater than 2ml

115
Q

recommended method
for the CSF specimen

A

Rapid diagnostic testing (Direct Gram stain, Cryptococcal antigen test)

116
Q

Never refrigerate CSF for _________________, but for
viruses, it can be held for _____________________

A

bacteriology, 4 deg C for 3 days

117
Q

to collect sediment (used for staining or culture

A

Cytocentrifuge

118
Q

Use ____________________ if there’s no cytocentrifuge

A

acridine orange

119
Q

Add __________ for CSF collected from shunt

A

THIO

120
Q

Specimen of choice for the recovery of Bordetella
pertussis

A

NASOPHARYNX SWAB

121
Q

in nasopharynx swab A flexible swab is inserted through nose into __________________ and rotate for__________ and Must be transported within _______ (without transport medium)

A

posterior nasopharynx, 5 seconds, 15 minutes

122
Q

A pre-moistened swab with sterile saline should be
inserted approximately 1-2 cm (1inch) nares and
rotate against nasal mucosa

A

NASAL SWAB

123
Q

● Recommended specimen for the routine culture of
group A streptococci (S. pyogenes)
● Posterior pharynx and tonsils should be swabbed
without touching the palate and sides of the mouth
and tongue
GENITAL

A

THROAT/PHARYNX SWAB

124
Q

● Used to diagnose STDs or Venereal diseases
● The mucus should be removed prior to collection.

A

GENITAL SPECIMEN: CERVIX

125
Q

GENITAL SPECIMEN: CERVIX site of collection

A

● Endocervical canal

126
Q

● Exudates should be removed before specimen
collection.

A

GENITAL SPECIMEN: VAGINA

127
Q

Secretions from the_____________________ are swabbed.

A

mucous membrane of the
vagina

128
Q

Perform Gram stain for bacterial vaginosis, especially
WBCs, clue cells
○ Gram-positive rods: _______________________
○ Gram-negative rods: ________________________

A

presence of Lactobacillus, presence of Mobiluncus
spp.

129
Q

Traditional specimen of choice for Chlamydia trachomatis

A

GENITAL SPECIMEN: URETHRAL SWAB

130
Q

GENITAL SPECIMEN: URETHRAL SWAB Collect __________ after the patient’s last urination.

A

1 hour

131
Q

For microscopy, ____________ is utilized to observe fecal leukocytes

A

methylene blue

132
Q

GASTROINTESTINAL: RECTAL SWAB, A swab should inserted ________________ in past anal
sphincter; feces should be visible on swab.

A

1-1.5 cm

133
Q

______________________ medium can be utilized for rectal swabs.

A

Cary-Blair transport medium

134
Q

Collected early in
the morning before
the patient rises
from the bed or
takes his/her first
meal

A

Gastric Aspirate
(Gastric Wash or
Lavage)

135
Q

Best specimens for
infants and for AFB
examination

A

Gastric Aspirate
(Gastric Wash or
Lavage)

136
Q

Gastric Aspirate (Gastric Wash or
Lavage) Must be neutralized
with ______________ within ___ of collection

A

sodium bicarbonate, 1h

137
Q

Specimen of choice for
the detection (rapid
urease test, urea breath
test) and isolation of
Helicobacter pylori

A

Gastric Biopsy

138
Q

Wipe area with sterile saline or 70% alcohol

A

ABSCESS

139
Q

Swab along the outer edge
using swab moistened with transport
medium

A

Superficial abcess

140
Q

Aspirate with needle and syringe and place in an anaerobic transport system. Wash any granules and emulsify in saline.

A

Deep abcess

141
Q

Sample both eyes; use separate swabs moistened
with sterile saline

A

CONJUNCTIVA

142
Q

Clinician should instill local anesthetic before collection.

Inoculate directly to the agar (bedside inoculation
with Brain Heart Infusion 10% [BHI] agar)

A

CORNEAL SCRAPINGS

143
Q

Disinfect skin before removal.

A

IV CATHETER, PINS

144
Q

Do not use _________________ for culture.

A

Foley catheters

145
Q

IV catheters are inoculated for ______________________________

A

semi- quantitative Maki
Roll Plate

146
Q

● Involves the preparation of samples for microscopy
and culture.
● Begins with a macroscopic observation

A

SPECIMEN PROCESSING

147
Q

are examined for evidence of
blood, mucus and rice-watery appearance.

A

Stool specimens

148
Q

The presence of a ___________________________ is one of the indicators of an
anaerobic infection.

A

necrotic tissue samples (black
discoloration)

149
Q

A useful tool that provides rapid information

A

DIRECT MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION

150
Q

grinding of tissue (tissue biopsy)

A

Homogenization-

2A PRELIM (25 decks)

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