BACTE CELL STRUCTURE

Question 1

Are variant prokaryotic strains
characterized by biochemical
or physiological differences

Answer 1

BIOVARS

Question 2

o Is the proper word for the
name of the species.

Answer 2

EPITHET

Question 3

Are variant prokaryotic stain
which differ morphologically

Answer 3

MORPHOVARS

Question 4

Are stains with distinctive
antigenic properties.

Answer 4

SEROVARS

Question 5

Is a population of organism
that is differentiated from
populations within a particular
taxonomic category.

Answer 5

STRAIN

Question 6

Relate to an organism’s genetic makeup,
including the nature of the genes and
constituent nucleic acids.

Answer 6

Genotypic Characteristics

Question 7

An asexual reproduction process in
which there is a separation of the
body into two new bodies.

Answer 7

BINARY FISSION

Question 8

• Lack peptidoglycan
• Extremophiles (halophiles,
  thermophiles, anaerobic
  methanogens).
• Not encountered in clinical
  microbiology.

Answer 8

ARCHAEBACTERIA

Question 9

Includes Pathogenic bacteria.
* Has tropism to eukaryotic cells.

Answer 9

EUBACTERIA

Question 10

has this
gram-negative cell wall,
includes photosynthetic,
anaerobic photosynthetic
bacteria and cyanobacteria

Answer 10

o Proteobacteria

Question 11

– has thick grampositive wall, includes rods,
cocci, actinomycetes and
mycoplasma (wall-less
bacteria).

Answer 11

o Firmicutes

Question 12

Small, dormant, asexual spores that
develop inside the cell as a means of
survival (not of reproduction).

Answer 12

ENDOSPORE

Question 13

ENDOSPORE Contains ___________________ found
within the core and maintains the
spore’s dormant stage (makes up 10-
20% of the spore’s dry weight)

Answer 13

calcium dipicolinate,

Question 14

bacteria that produce ENDOSPORES

Answer 14

Produced by Bacillus and Clostridium spp

Question 15

• Most common used stain for
  endospore.
• Uses malachite green as primary
  stain, safranin red as counterstain

Answer 15

Schaeffer-Fulton or Wirtz and
Conklin:

Question 16

An extrachromosomal, closed,
circular, double-stranded element of
DNA that is associated with virulence.

Answer 16

Plasmids

Question 17

Serves as a site for the genes to
encode for antibiotic resistance,
metabolic process, and plasmid
replication and transfer between
cells

Answer 17

Plasmids

Question 18

Outermost structure of the bacterial
cell.

Answer 18

CELL ENVELOPE

Question 19

bacteria with outer membrane only

Answer 19

Gram Neg Bacteria

Question 20

Deepest layer of the cell envelope.
* Consists of a phospholipid bilayer
that surrounds the cytoplasm, and the
layer is embedded with lipoproteins
(no sterols contain).

Answer 20

Plasma Membrane

Question 21

Referred to as the peptidoglycan or
murein layer
* A rigid structure that maintains the
shape of the cell

Answer 21

Cell Wall

Question 22

alternating
n-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and
N-acetylmuramic acid connected
by Beta 1→4 linkages

Answer 22

A glycan backbone

Question 23

• Composed of
  Thick murein
  layer
• Has teichoic
  acid (anchored
  to the
  peptidoglycan)
  and
  lipoteichoic
  acid (anchored
  to the plasma
  membrane)

Answer 23

Gram-Positive Cell
Wall

Question 24

Composed of
thin murein
layer
- Composed of
outer
membrane
(contains of
proteins,
phospholipids
and
lipopolysaccha
ride (LPS)
- LPS has three
regions

Answer 24

Gram-Negative
Cell Wall

Question 25

Located between the outer
membrane and inner
membrane.
o Encompasses the thin
peptidoglycan layer.
o Has a gel-like matrix
containing nutrient-binding
proteins and degradative and
detoxifying enzymes.

Answer 25

Periplasmic Space

Question 26

Are generally Gram-Positive cell
wall
* more than 60% of cell wall is lipid.

Answer 26

Acid-Fast Cell Wall

Question 27

A waxy layer of glycolipids
and fatty acids bound to the
exterior of the cell wall.

Answer 27

mycolic acid

Question 28

• Network of polysaccharide that
  project from the cellular surfaces of
  bacteria.
• Found external to the cell wall of the
  organism.
• Covers surfaces like a film and allows
  the bacteria to adhere to various
  structure (skin, heart valves, prosthetic
  joints and catheters).

Answer 28

Glycocalyx

Question 29

GLYCOCALYX production can be the first step in
the formation of ________________

Answer 29

biofilm.

Question 30

High-molecular weight
polysaccharides, except in B.
anthracis (D-glutamic acid, a
polypeptide).
* Anti-phagocytic

Answer 30

Capsules

Question 31

Motility Characteristics
Tumbling

Answer 31

Listeria
monocytogenes

Question 32

Motility Characteristics
Darting

Answer 32

Campylobacter

Question 33

Motility Characteristics Rapid
darting/Shooting star

Answer 33

Vibrio

Question 34

Motility Characteristics
Twitching

Answer 34

Kingella

Question 35

Motility Characteristics
Gliding

Answer 35

Capnocytophaga

Question 36

Inverted Christmas
tree/Umbrella
pattern colony

Answer 36

Listeria
monocytogenes

Question 37

Test tube brush
pattern colony

Answer 37

Erysipelothrix
rhusiopathia

Question 38

– may serve as
adhesins for attachment to
host cells (for establishment of
infection)

Answer 38

Fimbriae

Question 39

contains structural
protein subunits (pilins) and
proteins located at the tips
(adhesins)

Answer 39

Pili

Question 40

no flagellum

Answer 40

Atrichous

Question 41

flagellum on one
pole

Answer 41

Monotrichous

Question 42

single flagellum on
each pole

Answer 42

Amphitrichous

Question 43

tuft of flagella at one
or both poles

Answer 43

Lophotrichous

Question 44

Flagella all over the
organism

Answer 44

Peritrichous

Question 45

not a true
flagella/no flagellin; a flagella-like
inside the periplasmic stage

Answer 45

Periplasmic flagella (aka Axial
filaments/endoflagella)

Question 46

bacteria motility best seen at _________

Answer 46

25 deg C