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2A PRELIM > PARA LAB LA1 > Flashcards

PARA LAB LA1 Flashcards

1
Q

Average amount of stool in 24 hours

A

200g

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2
Q

normal frequency of stool in 24 hours

A

one or two stools

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3
Q

WHAT FECAL COLOR
Normal color is due to urobilin

A

BROWN

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4
Q

WHAT FECAL COLOR
upper Gastrointestinal bleeding, iron therapy, charcoal, bismuth, digested blood

A

Black or Tarry

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5
Q

WHAT FECAL COLOR
lower gastrointestinal bleeding

A

RED

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6
Q

WHAT FECAL COLOR
bile duct obstruction

A

YELLOW

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7
Q

WHAT FECAL COLOR
Steatorrhea

A

Bulky pale/ frothy/ foamy

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8
Q

WHAT FECAL COLOR
biliverdin, green vegetables, antibiotics, spinach

A

GREEN

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9
Q

WHAT FECAL ODOR
peculiar, offensive but not excessively foul

A

NORMAL

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10
Q

a reduction product of bilirubin

A

urobilin

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11
Q

WHAT FECAL ODOR
occurs in alkaline stool. Suggests some form of ulceration in the intestines or rectum, especially if due to malignancy, syphilis or gangrenous dysentery

A

EXTREMELY FOUL ODOR

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12
Q

WHAT FECAL ODOR
found in ulcerated and malignant tumors of the lower bowel and in large hemorrhages

A

PUTRID

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13
Q

WHAT FECAL ODOR
indicates gas formation, fermentation of carbohydrates, unabsorbed fatty acids an in high acidity

A

SOur or RANCID

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14
Q

are true intestinal concretions, these are the gallstones, pancreatic calculi, and intestinal sands

A

`Enteroliths

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15
Q

WHAT CLASS OF GALLSTONE
smooth. white to yellow, rarely green or brown on the surface, crystalline, oval or spherical and seldom faceted

A

PURE CHOLESTEROL STONES

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16
Q

WHAT CLASS OF GALLSTONE
contain calcium salts of the bile pigments, found in yellow, brown, or green layers alternating with the layers of cholesterol, Cholesterol form 75% of the stone

A

LAMINATED CHOLESTEROL STONES

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17
Q

WHAT CLASS OF GALLSTONE
physically they show an external firm laminated crystalline crust that surrounds a soft pigmented nucleus, frequently containing a cavity filled with a yellow alkaline fluid

A

GALLBLADDER STONE

18
Q

WHAT CLASS OF GALLSTONE
Calcium calculi-calcium bilirubinate is the chief constituent, but there is also found biliverdin. Stones appear small and occur in 2 forms: wax-like consistency, hard and brittle

A

MIXED BILIRUBIN

19
Q

WHAT CLASS OF GALLSTONE
Amorphous and incompletely crystalline cholesterol gravel with nucleus of calcium bilirubinate with cholesterol in varying sizes

A

RARE FORMS

20
Q

IDENTIFY WHAT CONSISTENCY
poor fat digestion

A

Pale, Bulky, Frothy

21
Q

IDENTIFY WHAT CONSISTENCY
constipation

A

hard

22
Q

IDENTIFY WHAT CONSISTENCY
obstruction in the lower bowel

A

Flattened and ribbon like

23
Q

IDENTIFY WHAT CONSISTENCY
Digestive, upset, mild diarrhea or after taking laxative

A

Semisolid

24
Q

IDENTIFY WHAT CONSISTENCY
bacterial infection or after taking purgative

A

Watery

25
Q

IDENTIFY WHAT CONSISTENCY
CHOLERA

A

Rice watery stools

26
Q

IDENTIFY WHAT CONSISTENCY
seen as ball shaped SCYBALA or goat droppings

A

Rounded scybalous masses

27
Q

IDENTIFY WHAT CONSISTENCY
constipation, if very large in children may indicate “Hirschsprung’s disease”

A

Small caliber stools

28
Q

IDENTIFY FECAL MUCUS
very small amount can be detected only by microscope

A

NORMAL

29
Q

IDENTIFY FECAL MUCUS
easily detected with the naked eye

A

EXCESSIVE QUANTITY

30
Q

IDENTIFY FECAL MUCUS
lesion probably in the small intestine

A

small in amount and intimately mixed with fecal material

31
Q

IDENTIFY FECAL MUCUS
inflammation of the large intestine

A

large amount that are not well mixed with fecal matter

32
Q

IDENTIFY FECAL MUCUS
dysentery, ileocolitis, and intussusceptions

A

stool composed wholly of mucus and streaked with blood

33
Q

IDENTIFY FECAL MUCUS
mucus colic or membranous enteritis, representing complete casts of portions of bowel

A

shreds and ribbons of altered mucus

34
Q

IDENTIFY FECAL MUCUS
mucus contaminated with albumin, fat, and many other cells

A

Hard and elastic mucus or leather like hardness

35
Q

BRISTOL STOOL CHART
separate hard lumps, like nuts (hard to pass)

A

TYPE 1

36
Q

BRISTOL STOOL CHART
sausage shaped but lumpy

A

TYPE 2

37
Q

BRISTOL STOOL CHART
Like a sausage but with cracks on its surface

A

TYPE 3

38
Q

BRISTOL STOOL CHART
Like a sausage or snake, smooth and soft

A

TYPE 4

39
Q

BRISTOL STOOL CHART
Soft blobs with clear cut edges (passes easily)

A

TYPE 5

40
Q

BRISTOL STOOL CHART
fluffy pieces with ragged edges, a mushy stool

A

TYPE 6

41
Q

BRISTOL STOOL CHART
Watery no sloid pieces, entirely liquid

A

TYPE 7

2A PRELIM (16 decks)

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