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2A PRELIM > PARA HEMOFLAGELLATES > Flashcards

PARA HEMOFLAGELLATES Flashcards

1
Q

Developmental Stages of Trypanosomes

A

Amastigote
Promastigote
Epimastigote
Trypomastigote

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2
Q

Developmental Stages of Trypanosomes wherein there is no flagella

A

Amastigote/ Leishmanial Form

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3
Q

Developmental Stages of Trypanosomes wherein there is flagella found in the front of nucleus

A

Promastigote/ Leptomonad Form

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4
Q

Developmental Stages of Trypanosomes wherein there is Flagella in center of the organism

A

Epimastigote/ Crithidial Form

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5
Q

Developmental Stages of Trypanosomes wherein the flagella originates at posterior end of the organism

A

Trypomastigote/ Trypanosomal Form

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6
Q

Etiologic agent of CHAGAS DISEASE or AMERICAN
TRYPANOSOMIASIS

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

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7
Q

intermediate host of Trypanosoma cruzi

A

TRIATOMINE BUGS/REDUVIID BUG

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8
Q

a small painful reddish nodule in Chagas Disease

A

CHAGOMA

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9
Q

unilateral periorbital edema in child

A

ROMAÑAS SIGN

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10
Q

infective stage of Trypanosoma cruzi

A

metacyclic trypomastigotes

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11
Q

*In humans:
- trypomastigotes are found in the ________________________
- while, amastigotes are found in the ______________________

A

bloodstream, tissue cells

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12
Q

*In the triatomine bug:
-epimastigote and promastigote are found in the _____________________
-metacyclic trypomastigote are found in the _________________

A

in the midgut, in hindgut

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13
Q

MODE of TRANSMISSION OF T. cruzi

A

o Feces from Triatomine/Reduviid Bug rubbed into bite wound
o Placental Transfer
o Blood Transfusion

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14
Q

DIAGNOSIS for T. cruzi

A

o C, U, or S-shaped trypomastigotes in
blood, CSF or lymph nodes
o Xenodiagnosis
o Serological Tests

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15
Q

Treatment for T. cruzi

A

Nifurtimox and Benznidazole

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16
Q

Causative agent of African Sleeping Sickness

A

Trypanosoma brucei

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17
Q

intermediate host of Trypanosoma brucei

A

TSETSE FLY (Glossina spp.)

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18
Q

acute infection of Trypanosoma brucei

A

EAST AFRICAN SLEEPING SICKNESS/ Rhodesian trypanosomiasis

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19
Q

EAST AFRICAN SLEEPING SICKNESS/ Rhodesian trypanosomiasis are typically found in _______________________

A

EAST and SOUTH Africa

20
Q

chronic infection of Trypanosoma brucei

A

WEST AFRICAN SLEEPING SICKNESS/Gambian trypanosomiasis

21
Q

Causative agent of East African Sleeping Sickness

A

T. brucei rhodesiense

22
Q

Causative agent of West African Sleeping Sickness

A

T. brucei gambiense

23
Q

WEST AFRICAN SLEEPING SICKNESS/Gambian trypanosomiasis are typically found in ________________________________

A

WEST and CENTRAL Africa

24
Q

Earliest sign in African Trypanosomiasis

a local, hard, painful
lesion at the site of inoculation

A

CHANCRE

25
Q

T. gambiense causes coma in ________________

A

6-12 months

26
Q

T. rhodesiense causes coma in a ______________

A

month

27
Q

both T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense cause _______________________

A

elevated IgM in serum and CSF

28
Q

AKA Blood Flagellates

A

Trypanosomes

29
Q

MOT through the vectors fecal material

A

Stercorarian

30
Q

MOT through salivary glands of the vector

A

Salivarian

31
Q

GAMBIAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS
o 1 ST yr of infection = trypanosomes in _________________; manifestation of rice
plums consistency of lymph nodes known as ______________________

o Beginning of 2nd yr = CNS involvement, inversion of sleep cycle, and hyperesthesia
a.k.a ______________

A

blood and lymphatics, WINTERBOTTOM’S SIGN, KERANDEL’S SIGN

32
Q

in RHODESIAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS Death occurs within ________________________

A

weeks to months

33
Q

DIAGNOSIS of Trypanosomiasis

A

o Trypomastigotes in blood, lymph, or CSF
o Best sample = CSF
o Serologic tests

34
Q

Diagnostic method for identifying LEISHMANIAS

A

tissue biopsy and serological methods

35
Q

AKA tissue flagellates

A

Leishmania

36
Q

Leishmania intermediate host

A

Old World Sandfly (Phlebotomus spp.)

37
Q

Leishmania can be transmitted through

A

congenitally, through blood transfusion, by contamination of bite wounds, or by contact.

38
Q

amastigotes released will invade new cells:
*L. tropica – ________________________________
L. donovani– _________________
L. braziliensis – _______________________

A

in lymphoid tissue of skin, in visceral organs, in skin and mucous membranes

39
Q

Localized intracellularly in skin macrophages and histiocytes

A

Leishmania tropica

40
Q

Causes Oriental sore or Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Oriental boil, or Baghdad or Delhi boil.

A

Leishmania tropica

41
Q

Causes Espundia or Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis

A

Leishmania braziliense/ Leishmania braziliensis

42
Q

highly disfiguring leprosy-like tissue destruction and swelling is known as “_____________________”.

A

Tapir Nose

43
Q

Lesions caused by this parasite resemble those of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Later,
however, even after several decades, metastatic spread to the oronasal and
pharyngeal mucosa may occur, causing highly disfiguring leprosy-like tissue
destruction and swelling

A

Leishmania braziliense/ Leishmania braziliensis

44
Q

Causes Dumdum fever, Kala-azar, or Visceral Leishmaniasis. This is characterized by
double spiking chills and fever daily.

A

Leishmania donovani

45
Q

causes Enlargement of spleen and liver occurs

A

Leishmania donovani

46
Q

Leishmania donovani Amastigote spreads to viscera, multiplies in _____________________

A

macrophages in liver and spleen

2A PRELIM (25 decks)

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