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Pharmacology > Pancreatic Drugs > Flashcards

Pancreatic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Rapid acting insulin

3-4hrs

A

Lispro
Aspart
Glulisine

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2
Q

Short acting insulin

5-7hrs

A

Regular insulin

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3
Q

Intermediate acting insulin

18-24hrs

A

NPH

Lente

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4
Q

NPH is a combination of?

A

Regular insulin and protamine

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5
Q

Long acting insulin

18-28hrs

A

Ultralente

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6
Q

Ultra long acting insulin

>24hrs

A

LanDe mo Glar

Lantus
Detemir
Glargine

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7
Q

Glucose transporter in RBCs and brain

A

GLUT-1, 3

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8
Q

Glucose transporter in pancreas, liver, kidney, and gut

A

GLUT-2

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9
Q

Glucose transporter in muscle and adipose tissue

A

GLUT-4

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10
Q

MOA of 1st generation sulfonylureas

A

Increases insulin secretion by closing ATP-sensitive K channels

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11
Q

Causes disulfiram reaction

A

Chlorpropamide
Tolbutamide
Tolazamide

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12
Q

Used in diabetics with sulfa allergies

A

ReNaMi

Repaglinide
Nateglinide
Mitiglinide

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13
Q

Used in Type 2 DM (postprandial hyperglycemia)

A

Repaglinide
Nateglinide
Mitiglinide

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14
Q

Has the least incidence of hypoglycemia and may be used in CKD patients

A

Nateglinide

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15
Q

MOA of metformin

A

Activates AMP-stimulated protein kinase leading to inhibition of hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis; stimulates glycolysis in peripheral tissues; slows glucose absorption from the GIT; reduces plasma glucagon levels

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16
Q

1st line treatment of type 2 DM

A

Metformin

17
Q

SE of metformin

A

Nausea
Diarrhea
Lactic acidosis

18
Q

DOC for obese diabetics (DM type 2); restores fertility in anovulatory women with PCOS

A

Metformin

19
Q

Thiazolidinediones

A

Mnemonic: thiaZONElidinediones

Pioglitazone
Rosiglitazone
Troglitazone

20
Q

MOA of thiazolidinediones

A

Activates PPAR-gamma receptor; increases tissue sensitivity to insulin; can reduce both fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia

21
Q

Used for DM prevention

A

Thiazolidinediones
Acarbose
Metformin

22
Q

Thiazolidinedione which reduces mortality and macrovascular events (MI and stroke)

A

Pioglitazone

23
Q

Thiazolidinedione which increases the risk of MI

A

Rosiglitazone

24
Q

Causes CHF; CI in CHF; may increase the risk of bone fractures

A

Thiazolidinediones: can cause fluid retention, which presents as mild anemia and edema

25
Q

Cytochrome P450 inducer

A

Pioglitazone

Troglitazone

26
Q

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

A

Acarbose

Miglitol

27
Q

Acarbose is contraindicated in?

A

Patients with renal impairment

27
Q

GLP-1 agonist; incretin modulator; augments glucose-stimulated insulin release from pancreatic B cells; retards gastric emptying; inhibits glucagon secretion; produces a feeling of satiety

A

Exenatide (may cause acute pancreatitis)

27
Q

Toxicities of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

A

Flatulence, diarrhea, and abdominal pain

28
Q

The enzyme that degrades GLP-1 and other incretins

A

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DDP-4)

29
Q

DDP-4 inhibitor; incretin modulator

A

Sitagliptin (may cause headache, nasopharyngitis, and URTI)

30
Q

Side effect of Bangkok pills

A

Valvular heart disease

36
Q

An injectable synthetic analog of amylin; supresses glucagon release; slows gastric emptying; supresses appetite

A

Pramlintide

37
Q

Provides a peakless basal insulin level lasting more than 20h, which helps control basal levels without producing hypoglycemia

A

Long-acting insulin:
Glargine
Detemir

38
Q

Most common complication of insulin use?

A

Hypoglycemia

39
Q

Mechanism of insulin release

A

Increased extracellular glucose -> increased intracellular ATP -> Closure of K channels -> depolarization -> Opening of Ca channels -> Increased intracellular Ca -> Insulin release

40
Q

The preferred insulin for continuous subcutaneous infusion devices; can be used for emergency treatment of uncomplicated DKA

A

Rapid-acting insulin: LAG
Lispro
Aspart
Glulisine

Pharmacology (31 decks)

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