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Pharmacology > Drugs For Hypertension and Angina > Flashcards

Drugs For Hypertension and Angina Flashcards

1
Q

Cause powerful diuresis and increased calcium excretion

A

Furosemide
Bumetanide
Torsemide
Ethacrynic acid

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2
Q

Drugs used for HTN in pregnancy

A 
MeHyNiLa
Methyldopa
Hydralazine
Nifedipine
Labetalol
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3
Q

MOA of reserpine

A

Irreversibly blocks the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT)

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4
Q

The primary action for HTN of nonselective beta blockers

A

Reduces renin release (B1)

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5
Q

Cause moderate diuresis and reduced excretion of calcium

A

Thiazides

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6
Q

Has combined alpha and beta blockade (may be used in pheochromocytoma)

A

Labetalol

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7
Q

MOA of hydralazine

A

Releases nitric oxide from endothelial cells; Alters intracellular Ca metabolism; relaxes arteriolar smooth muscle, causing vasodilation; decreases afterload

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8
Q

SE of hydralazine

A

Reflex tachycardia

Drug-induced lupus

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9
Q

Drugs which can cause drug-induced lupus

A

Hydralazine
Isoniazid
Procainamide
Penicillamine

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10
Q

Used for alopecia

A

Minoxidil

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11
Q

Causes first dose orthostatic hypotension

A

Alpha 1-selective blockers:

Prazosin, etc

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11
Q

MOA of Minoxidil

A

A potassium channel opener that hyperpolarizes and relaxes vascular smooth muscle; causes hirsutism

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13
Q

MOA of minoxidil

A

Opens K channels in vascular smooth muscle, causing hyperpolarization, muscle relaxation, and vasodilation

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14
Q

Non-dihydropyridine CCBs (cardiac > vascular)

A

Verapamil

Diltiazem

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15
Q

Dihydropyridine CCBs (vascular > cardiac)

A 
Nifedipine
Amlodipine
Felodipine
Nicardipine
Nisoldipine
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16
Q

Used for the OPD management of SVT

A

Verapamil

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17
Q

MOA of nitroprusside

A

Releases nitric oxide which stimulates guanylyl cyclase that increases cGMP in smooth muscles; Relaxes venous and arteriolar smooth muscle (decreases both preload and afterload)

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18
Q

SE of nitroprusside

A

Hypotension
Headache
Cyanide toxicity

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19
Q

MOA of fenoldopam

A

Dopamine 1 agonist; Causes arteriolar vasodilation of the afferent and efferent arterioles; increases renal blood flow

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20
Q

Used for performance anxiety

A

Propranolol

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21
Q

Used for hypertensive emergency

A

Nitroprusside

Fenoldopam

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22
Q

Teratogen: causes renal agenesis

A

ACEIs

23
Q

Delays progression of DM nephropathy

A

ACEIs

ARBs

24
Q

MOA of aliskiren

A

Inhibits renin; prevents conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1

25
Q

Drugs for malignant HTN

A

Vasodilators
Diuretics
Beta blockers

26
Q

Slows ventricular remodeling and increases survival in heart failure;
Delays progression of DM nephropathy

A

ACEIs and ARBs

27
Q

CCB which can also be used for SVT

A

Verapamil

Diltiazem

28
Q

Drugs which can cause gingival hyperplasia

A

Nifedipine
Cyclosporine
Phenytoin
Verapamil

29
Q

Ultrashort-acting nitrate used for the management of cyanide poisoning

A

Amyl nitrite

30
Q

Which portion of the electron transport chain is affected by cyanide?

A

Complex IV (cytochrome oxidase)

31
Q

Associated with occupational exposure to nitrates

A

Monday disease

32
Q

Antidote for cyanide poisoning

A

Inhaled amyl nitrite +
IV Na Nitrite +
IV Na Thiosulfate

33
Q

MOA of nitroglycerine

A

Releases NO, increases cGMP, and relaxes smooth muscles, especially vascular

34
Q

Contraindicated in heart failure

A

Non-dihydropyridine CCB:
Verapamil
Diltiazem

35
Q

Can be used for Raynaud’s phenomenon

A

Diltiazem

36
Q

MOA of trimetazidine

A

Improves glucose utilization through FA metabolism; prevents decrease in ATP in hypoxic/ischemic tissue

37
Q

MOA of ivabradine

A

Increases funny Na current in SA node

38
Q

Used for angina prophylaxis; masks hypoglycemia in DM patients

A

Propranolol

39
Q

Causes reflex increase in HR and contractility and reflex decrease in ejection time

A

Nitrates

40
Q

Cause increased end-diastolic pressure and ejection time

A

BB or CCB

41
Q

MOA of clonidine

A

Agonist at alpha 2 receptors; in CNS this results in decreased SANS outflow

42
Q

SE of clonidine

A

Sedation; severe rebound HTN if suddenly stopped

43
Q

How do you control rebound HTN caused by clonidine?

A

Reinstitution of clonidine therapy or administration of alpha blockers such as phentolamine

44
Q

First line treatment for hypertension

A

Thiazides:
Hydrochlorothiazide
Chlorthalidone
Indapamide

45
Q

MOA of methyldopa

A

Prodrug converted to methylnorepinephrine in CNS, with result like clonidine

46
Q

SE of methyldopa

A

Sedation; induces hemolytic antibodies

47
Q

Toxicities of CCBs

A

Excessive cardiac depression; constipation

48
Q

Anti HTN drugs which are contraindicated in pregnancy

A

ACEIs and ARBs

49
Q

How do you control severe tachycardia caused by minoxidil

A

Give Beta blockers

50
Q

Which among the HTN drugs cause tachycardia?

A

Vasodilators

51
Q

Which among the anti-HTN drugs cause postural (orthostatic) hypotension?

A

Alpha-blockers (alpha receptor activation prevents venous pooling

52
Q

How do you relieve cough caused by ACEIs?

A

Give aspirin

53
Q

MOA of diazoxide

A

Potassium channel opener in smooth muscle, secretory cells; used for hypertensive emergencies and insulinoma

Pharmacology (31 decks)

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