Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors Flashcards
Weakly acidic; Have a nucleus that resembles p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)
Sulfonamides
Short-acting sulfonamide
Sulfisoxazole
Intermediate-acting sulfonamide
Sulfamethoxazole
Long-acting sulfonamides
Sulfadoxine
Weak base; structurally similar to folic acid; reaches high concentration in prostatic and vaginal fluids
Trimethoprim
MOA of sulfonamides
Bacteriostatic inhibitor of folic acid synthesis and competitive inhibitors of dihydropteroate synthase
MOA of trimethoprim and pyrimethamine
Selective inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase
Sulfonamide used in burn infections
Silver sulfadiazine
Mafenide acetate
Components of Co-trimoxazole
Sulfamethoxazole
Trimethoprim
Antibiotic contraindicated in G6PD
Sulfonamides
Hypersensitive spectrum of sulfonamides
EM, SJS/TEN, PAN, exfoliative dermatitis
MOA of fluoroquinolones
Inhibits DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) in gram negatives –> blocks relaxation of supercoiled DNA
Inhibits topoisomerase IV in gram positives
1st gen fluoroquinolones
Nalidixic acid
Cinaxacin
Rosoxacin
2nd gen fluoroquinolones
Ciprofloxacin
Ofloxacin
Norfloxacin
3rd gen fluoroquinolones (respiratory quinolones)
Levofloxacin
Sparfloxacin
Grepafloxacin
4th gen fluoroquinolones
Moxifloxacin
Trovafloxacin
Gemifloxacin
Gatifloxacin
Antimicrobial spectrum of 1st gen fluoroquinolones
UTI
Antimicrobial spectrum of 2nd gen fluoroquinolones
Gram negatives Gonococci Gram positive cocci Streptococci Mycoplasma
Antimicrobial spectrum of 3rd gen fluoroquinolones
Less gram negative
More gram positive
Streptococci
Enterococci
Antimicrobial spectrum of 4th gen fluoroquinolones
Broad spectrum
Anaerobes
Causes tendinitis and tendon rupture
Qui-Ten
Quinolones
Tendon rupture
Ciprofloxacin
Avoid giving fluroquinolones to?
Young children and pregnant women
Fluroquinolones enhance the toxicity of?
Theophylline
Antimetabolites
Sulfonamides
Trimethoprim
TMP-SMX
Used for the prevention and treatment of toxoplasmosis in the AIDS patient
TMP-SMX
DOC for traveler’s diarrhea:
E. coli
Shigella
Salmonella
CONTRA
CON
TRAveler’s diarrhea
Second generation quinolones:
Ciprofloxacin
Ofloxacin
Norfloxacin
A drug which can be used for gonorrhea and chlamydial urethritis
Ciprofloxacin (resistance is common);
TMP-SMX
DOC for ulcerative colitis
Sulfasalazine
Most common adverse effect of sulfonamides
Skin rash caused by hypersensitivity
DOC for nocardiosis
Sulfadiazine
TMP-SMX
Prophylactic against pneumocystis pneumonia in the AIDS patient
Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Quinolones should not be used in children younger than?
10 years old (they may damage growing cartilage)
DOC for atypical pneumonia
Quinolones
