Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors Flashcards

1
Q

Weakly acidic; Have a nucleus that resembles p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)

A

Sulfonamides

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2
Q

Short-acting sulfonamide

A

Sulfisoxazole

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3
Q

Intermediate-acting sulfonamide

A

Sulfamethoxazole

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4
Q

Long-acting sulfonamides

A

Sulfadoxine

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5
Q

Weak base; structurally similar to folic acid; reaches high concentration in prostatic and vaginal fluids

A

Trimethoprim

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6
Q

MOA of sulfonamides

A

Bacteriostatic inhibitor of folic acid synthesis and competitive inhibitors of dihydropteroate synthase

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7
Q

MOA of trimethoprim and pyrimethamine

A

Selective inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase

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8
Q

Sulfonamide used in burn infections

A

Silver sulfadiazine

Mafenide acetate

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9
Q

Components of Co-trimoxazole

A

Sulfamethoxazole

Trimethoprim

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10
Q

Antibiotic contraindicated in G6PD

A

Sulfonamides

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11
Q

Hypersensitive spectrum of sulfonamides

A

EM, SJS/TEN, PAN, exfoliative dermatitis

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12
Q

MOA of fluoroquinolones

A

Inhibits DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) in gram negatives –> blocks relaxation of supercoiled DNA
Inhibits topoisomerase IV in gram positives

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13
Q

1st gen fluoroquinolones

A

Nalidixic acid
Cinaxacin
Rosoxacin

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14
Q

2nd gen fluoroquinolones

A

Ciprofloxacin
Ofloxacin
Norfloxacin

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15
Q

3rd gen fluoroquinolones (respiratory quinolones)

A

Levofloxacin
Sparfloxacin
Grepafloxacin

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16
Q

4th gen fluoroquinolones

A

Moxifloxacin
Trovafloxacin
Gemifloxacin
Gatifloxacin

17
Q

Antimicrobial spectrum of 1st gen fluoroquinolones

A

UTI

18
Q

Antimicrobial spectrum of 2nd gen fluoroquinolones

A
Gram negatives
Gonococci
Gram positive cocci
Streptococci
Mycoplasma
19
Q

Antimicrobial spectrum of 3rd gen fluoroquinolones

A

Less gram negative
More gram positive
Streptococci
Enterococci

20
Q

Antimicrobial spectrum of 4th gen fluoroquinolones

A

Broad spectrum

Anaerobes

21
Q

Causes tendinitis and tendon rupture

A

Qui-Ten
Quinolones
Tendon rupture

Ciprofloxacin

22
Q

Avoid giving fluroquinolones to?

A

Young children and pregnant women

23
Q

Fluroquinolones enhance the toxicity of?

A

Theophylline

24
Q

Antimetabolites

A

Sulfonamides
Trimethoprim
TMP-SMX

25
Q

Used for the prevention and treatment of toxoplasmosis in the AIDS patient

A

TMP-SMX

26
Q

DOC for traveler’s diarrhea:
E. coli
Shigella
Salmonella

A

CONTRA
CON
TRAveler’s diarrhea

Second generation quinolones:
Ciprofloxacin
Ofloxacin
Norfloxacin

27
Q

A drug which can be used for gonorrhea and chlamydial urethritis

A

Ciprofloxacin (resistance is common);

TMP-SMX

28
Q

DOC for ulcerative colitis

A

Sulfasalazine

29
Q

Most common adverse effect of sulfonamides

A

Skin rash caused by hypersensitivity

30
Q

DOC for nocardiosis

A

Sulfadiazine

TMP-SMX

31
Q

Prophylactic against pneumocystis pneumonia in the AIDS patient

A

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

32
Q

Quinolones should not be used in children younger than?

A

10 years old (they may damage growing cartilage)

33
Q

DOC for atypical pneumonia

A

Quinolones