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Pharmacology > Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors > Flashcards

Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors Flashcards

1
Q

Moderate spectrum BPSI

A

Macrolides

Ketolide

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2
Q

Narrow spectrum BPSI

A

Lincosamides
Streptogramins
Linezolid

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3
Q

BUY AT 30, CELLS at 50

A 
Aminoglycosides
Tetracycline
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Lincosamides
Linezolid
Streptogramins
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4
Q

Causes aplastic anemia and gray baby syndrome

A

Chloramphenicol

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5
Q

Used for SIADH

A

Demeclocycline

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6
Q

Causes tooth enamel dysplasia/discoloration

A

Tetracycline

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7
Q

Do not take tetracycline with?

A

Milk (decreases absorption)

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8
Q

Indications of macrolides

A

CAP
Pertussis
Diphtheria
Chlamydial infections

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9
Q

All macrolides inhibit CYP450 except

A

Azithromycin

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10
Q

Macrolide with the highest Vd and slowest elimination

A

Azithromycin

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11
Q

Used for macrolide resistance

A

Telithromycin

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12
Q

Used for endocarditis prophylaxis (penicillin-allergy)

A

Clindamycin

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13
Q

Causes pseudomembranous colitis (C. difficile)

A

Clindamycin

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14
Q

Used for anaerobic infections above the diaphragm

A

Clindamycin

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15
Q

Used for anaerobic infections below the diaphragm

A

Metronidazole

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16
Q

Indication of quinupristin-dalfopristin

(Streptogramin) and Linezolid/Oxazolidinone

A

Infections caused by drug-resistant gram positive cocci (MRSA, VRSA, VRE)

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17
Q

Causes arthralgia-myalgia syndrome

A

Streptogramins

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18
Q

Causes serotonin syndrome

A

Linezolid

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19
Q

Mode of antibacterial action of aminoglycosides

A

Concentration-dependent killing action

20
Q

Mode of antibacterial action of penicillins and cephalosporins

A

Time-dependent killing action

21
Q

What is the basis for once-daily dosing of aminoglycosides?

A

Post-antibiotic effect

22
Q

Least resistance but has the narrowest therapeutic window among aminoglycosides

A

Amikacin

23
Q

Aminoglycosides

A 
GNATS canNOT kill anaerobes
Gentamycin
Neomycin
Amikacin
Tobramycin
Streptomycin
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Teratogen
24
Q

Most vestibulotoxic and nephrotoxic aminoglycosides

A

Gentamicin

Tobramycin

25
Q

2nd line drug for MDRTB

A

Amikacin

26
Q

Teratogen (causes congenital deafness); administered IM

A

Streptomycin

27
Q

Used as bowel prep for elective surgery and for hepatic encephalopathy

A

Neomycin (topical and oral)

28
Q

Used for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis

A

Paromomycin

29
Q

Most ototoxic aminoglycosides

A

Kanamycin

30
Q

How do you reverse the neuromuscular blockade caused by neomycin?

A

Give calcium gluconate and neostigmime

31
Q

Cumulative ototoxicity occurs when aminoglycosides are given with?

A

Loop diuretics

32
Q

Broad spectrum BPSI

A

Chloramphenicol

Tetracyclines

33
Q

Tetracycline which has the the broadest spectrum (less resistance)

A

Tigecycline

34
Q

Toxicities of tetracycline

A

Deposition in developing bones and teeth, photosensitivity, superinfection

35
Q

The only bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor which is bactericidal

A

Streptogramins

36
Q

Causes QT prolongation

A

Macrolides

37
Q

MOA of doxycyline

A

Interference with binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to bacterial ribosomes

38
Q

Clarithromycin vs Erythromycin

A

Clarithromycin is more active than erythromycin against M. avium complex, T. gondii, and H. pylori

39
Q

Primary mechanism of resistance of gram-positive organisms to erythromycin

A

Methylation of binding sites on the 50s ribosomal subunit

40
Q

DOC of Chlamydial infection (non compliant patient)

A

Single oral dose of azithromycin

41
Q

DOC for prophylaxis in high-risk penicillin-allergic patients undergoing genitourinary and lower GI surgical procedures

A

IV vancomycin

42
Q

DOC of CAP

A

Monotherapy:
Macrolides
Doxycycline
Respiratory quinolone

43
Q

Macrolides should not be taken with?

A

Methylxanthines (caffeine)

44
Q

Causes dose-related anemia

A 
Chloramphenicol
Oxazolidinone (Linezolid)
45
Q

Causes Fanconi’s syndrome

A

Tetracycline

Pharmacology (31 decks)

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