Osteoporosis Flashcards
What is osteoporosis?
Quantitative defect- reduced bone mineral density & increased porosity
Presentation of osteoporosis?
Fragility
Increased fracture risk (little/no trauma)
WHO definition of osteoporosis?
Bone mineral density less that 2.5 SD below the mean peak value of young adults of the same race and sex
Definition of osteopenia?
Bone mineral density is between 1-2.5 SD below mean peak value
Menopause and osteoporosis?
Loss of protective effects of oestrogen > increase in osteoclastic bone resorption > loss of bone mineral density
Type 1 primary osteoporosis AKA?
Post-menopausal osteoporosis
What is type 1 primary osteoporosis?
Exacerbated loss of bone in the post-menopausal period
Risk factors of type 1 osteoporosis?
- Early menopause
- Environmental fractures: white caucasian
- Smoking
- Alcohol abuse
- Lack of exercise
- Poor diet
Type 2 osteoporosis is due to?
Old age
What is type 2 osteoporosis?
Greater decline in bone density than expected
Risk factors for type 2 osteoporosis?
- Early menopause
- Environmental: caucasian
- Smoking
- Alcohol abuse
- lack of exercise
- Poor diet
- Chronic disease
- Inactivity
- Reduced sunlight exposure (vit D)
Types of fractures associated with type 2 osteoporosis?
Femoral neck fractures
Vertebral fractures
Types of fractures associated with type 1 osteoporosis?
Colles fracture
Vertebral insufficiency
Possible causes of secondary osteoporosis?
- Corticosteroid use
- Alcohol abuse
- Malnutrition
- Chronic disease: CKD, Malignancy, RA
- Endocrine disorders: cushings, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism
Diagnosis of Osteoporosis?
-DEXA (measure of bone mineral density)
Then compare with standard peak values for race, sex and age
- Serum Ca and P are normal
