Hyperparathyroidism Flashcards
What is hyperparathyroidism?
Overactivity of the parathyroid glands
Investigation of hyperparathyroidism?
High PTH (parathyroid hormone)
Causes of primary hyperparathyroidism?
- Benign adenoma
- Hyperplasia
- Malignant neoplasia (rarely)
What does overproduction of PTH result in?
Hypercalcaemia
Blood results expected of hyperparathyroidism?
- High serum PTH
- High calcium
- Normal/low phosphate
Presentation of primary hyperthyroidism?
- Fatigue
- Depression
- Bone pain
- Myalgia
- Nausea
- Thirst
- Polyuria
- Renal stones
- Osteoporosis
What is secondary hyperparathyroidism?
Physiological overproduction of PTH secondary to hypocalcaemia
Causes of Secondary hyperparathyroidism?
- Vitamin D deficiency
- CKD
What is tertiary hyperparathyroidism?
Chronic secondary hyperparathyroidism (usually CKD) > leading to adenoma which continue to produce PTH despite biochemical correction
Symptoms of hyperparathyroidism?
- Fragility fractures
- Lytic lesions in bone (brown tumours/osteitis fibrosa cystica)
- Need skeletal stabilization
Treatment for hyperparathyroidism?
- Removal of the adenomatous gland
- Treat underlying cause (Vit D supplements)
How are very high calcium levels treated in an emergency?
- IV fluids
- Biphosphates
- Calcitonin`
