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anatomy and physiology > Osseous Tissue for Final EXAM > Flashcards

Osseous Tissue for Final EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

is the study of bone

A

osteology

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2
Q

hold bones together at joints

A

ligaments

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3
Q

attach muscle to bone

A

tendons

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4
Q

calcification

A

the hardening process of bone

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5
Q

Functions of the Skeleton

A

support
protection
movement
Electrolyte balance
Acid–base balance
Blood formation

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6
Q

connective tissue with the matrix hardened by calcium phosphate and other minerals.

A

Bone (osseous tissue)

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7
Q

Types of bones by shape

A

flat
long
short
Irregular bones
Sutural bones
Sesamoid

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8
Q

Bones that develop within the tendons usually found near the joints.

A

sesamoid bone

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9
Q

Thin, curved plates; protect soft organs.

A

flat bones

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10
Q

Longer than wide; rigid levers acted upon by muscles; crucial for movement.

A

long bones

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11
Q

Approximately equal in length and width; glide across one another in multiple directions.

A

short bones

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12
Q

Elaborate shapes that do not fit into other categories.

A

irregular bones

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13
Q

Bones found in between the sutures of the skull.

A

Sutural bones

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14
Q

examples of flat bones

A

roof of skull
sternum
ribs
scapulae

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15
Q

examples of long bones

A

arm
forearm
thigh
leg
palms
soles
fingers
toes
femur

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16
Q

examples of sesamoid bones

A

knee

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17
Q

example of Irregular Bones

A

vertebrae
pelvis
several bones in the skull

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18
Q

example of short bones

A

carpal bones (wrists)
tarsal bones (ankles)

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19
Q

dense outer shell of bone

A

Compact bone

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20
Q

loosely organized bone tissue

A

spongy bone

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21
Q

Found in center of ends and center of shafts of long bones and in middle of nearly all others.

A

spongy bone

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22
Q

shaft that provides leverage

A

diaphysis

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23
Q

space in the diaphysis of a long bone that contains bone marrow

A

Marrow cavity (medullary cavity)

24
Q

Contains hematopoietic tissue that produces blood cells. It is found in nearly every bone in a child.

A

red marrow

25
Q

found in adults. It is a fatty marrow that does not produce blood.

A

Yellow marrow

26
Q

enlarged ends of a long bone. strengthen joint and anchor ligaments and tendons.

A

Epiphysis

27
Q

the middle where the diaphysis and the epiphysis meets

A

Metaphysis

28
Q

layer of hyaline cartilage that covers joint surface; allows bones to
move freely at the joint.

A

Articular cartilage

29
Q

found in adults, a bony scar that marks where growth plate used to be.

A

Epiphysial line

30
Q

area of hyaline cartilage that separates epiphyses and diaphyses of children’s bones. Enables growth in length.

A

Epiphysial plate (growth plate)

31
Q

what is apart of long bones anatomy

A

diaphysis
epiphysis
metaphysis

32
Q

The shaft of a long bone which is made up of compact or dense bone. The central space is called the medullary (marrow) cavity.

A

Diaphysis

33
Q

The wide part at the ends of long bones. Made up of a spongy (cancellous) bone surrounded by compact bone.

A

Epiphysis

34
Q

Where the diaphysis and epiphysis meets.

A

Metaphysis

35
Q

Four principal types of bone cells

A
  • Osteogenic cells
  • Osteoblasts
  • Osteocytes
  • Osteoclasts
36
Q

stem cell whose divisions produce osteoblasts

A

osteogenic cells

37
Q

immature bone cell that secretes osteoid the organic component of bone matrix

A

osteoblast

38
Q

mature bone cell that maintains the bone matrix

A

osteocyte

39
Q

bone-dissolving cells found on bone surface

A

osteoclast

40
Q

architecture of bone determined by mechanical stresses placed on it. Remodeling is a collaborative and precise action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Bony processes grow larger in response to mechanical stress.

A

Wolff’s law of bone

41
Q

the formation of bone

A

Ossification or osteogenesis

42
Q

Two mechanisms of bone formation

A

Intramembranous ossification
Endochondral ossification

43
Q

Produces flat bones of skull, clavicle, and part of the mandible in fetus. Thickens long bones throughout life.

A

Intramembranous ossification

44
Q

Bones originate as hyaline cartilage. Produce long bones.

A

Endochondral ossification

45
Q

growth from within

A

interstitial growth

46
Q

occurs at bone surface. Continual growth in diameter and thickness.

A

Appositional growth

47
Q

process in which calcium, phosphate, and other ions are taken from blood and deposited in bone. Osteoblasts produce collagen fibers that spiral the length of the osteon.

A

Mineral deposition

48
Q

process of dissolving bone and releasing minerals into blood.
Performed by osteoclasts at ruffled border.

A

Mineral resorption

49
Q

depends on a balance between dietary intake, urinary and fecal losses, and exchanges between osseous tissue

A

Calcium homeostasis

50
Q

Calcium homeostasis is regulated by three hormones

A

Calcitriol
calcitonin
parathyroid hormone

51
Q

most active form of vitamin D

A

calcitriol

52
Q

is a hormone that raises blood calcium level

A

calcitriol

53
Q

secreted by parathyroid glands on
posterior surface of thyroid

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

54
Q

secreted by C cells (clear cells) of thyroid gland when blood calcium levels rise too high

A

calcitonin

55
Q

explain the process of fracture repair

A
  1. Hematoma formation
  2. Soft callus formation
  3. Hard callus formation
  4. Bone remodeling

anatomy and physiology (22 decks)

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