Osseous Tissue for Final EXAM

Question 1

is the study of bone

Answer 1

osteology

Question 2

hold bones together at joints

Answer 2

ligaments

Question 3

attach muscle to bone

Answer 3

tendons

Question 4

calcification

Answer 4

the hardening process of bone

Question 5

Functions of the Skeleton

Answer 5

support
protection
movement
Electrolyte balance
Acid–base balance
Blood formation

Question 6

connective tissue with the matrix hardened by calcium phosphate and other minerals.

Answer 6

Bone (osseous tissue)

Question 7

Types of bones by shape

Answer 7

flat
long
short
Irregular bones
Sutural bones
Sesamoid

Question 8

Bones that develop within the tendons usually found near the joints.

Answer 8

sesamoid bone

Question 9

Thin, curved plates; protect soft organs.

Answer 9

flat bones

Question 10

Longer than wide; rigid levers acted upon by muscles; crucial for movement.

Answer 10

long bones

Question 11

Approximately equal in length and width; glide across one another in multiple directions.

Answer 11

short bones

Question 12

Elaborate shapes that do not fit into other categories.

Answer 12

irregular bones

Question 13

Bones found in between the sutures of the skull.

Answer 13

Sutural bones

Question 14

examples of flat bones

Answer 14

roof of skull
sternum
ribs
scapulae

Question 15

examples of long bones

Answer 15

arm
forearm
thigh
leg
palms
soles
fingers
toes
femur

Question 16

examples of sesamoid bones

Answer 16

knee

Question 17

example of Irregular Bones

Answer 17

vertebrae
pelvis
several bones in the skull

Question 18

example of short bones

Answer 18

carpal bones (wrists)
tarsal bones (ankles)

Question 19

dense outer shell of bone

Answer 19

Compact bone

Question 20

loosely organized bone tissue

Answer 20

spongy bone

Question 21

Found in center of ends and center of shafts of long bones and in middle of nearly all others.

Answer 21

spongy bone

Question 22

shaft that provides leverage

Answer 22

diaphysis

Question 23

space in the diaphysis of a long bone that contains bone marrow

Answer 23

Marrow cavity (medullary cavity)

Question 24

Contains hematopoietic tissue that produces blood cells. It is found in nearly every bone in a child.

Answer 24

red marrow

Question 25

found in adults. It is a fatty marrow that does not produce blood.

Answer 25

Yellow marrow

Question 26

enlarged ends of a long bone. strengthen joint and anchor ligaments and tendons.

Answer 26

Epiphysis

Question 27

the middle where the diaphysis and the epiphysis meets

Answer 27

Metaphysis

Question 28

layer of hyaline cartilage that covers joint surface; allows bones to move freely at the joint.

Answer 28

Articular cartilage

Question 29

found in adults, a bony scar that marks where growth plate used to be.

Answer 29

Epiphysial line

Question 30

area of hyaline cartilage that separates epiphyses and diaphyses of children’s bones. Enables growth in length.

Answer 30

Epiphysial plate (growth plate)

Question 31

what is apart of long bones anatomy

Answer 31

diaphysis epiphysis metaphysis

Question 32

The shaft of a long bone which is made up of compact or dense bone. The central space is called the medullary (marrow) cavity.

Answer 32

Diaphysis

Question 33

The wide part at the ends of long bones. Made up of a spongy (cancellous) bone surrounded by compact bone.

Answer 33

Epiphysis

Question 34

Where the diaphysis and epiphysis meets.

Answer 34

Metaphysis

Question 35

Four principal types of bone cells

Answer 35

- Osteogenic cells - Osteoblasts - Osteocytes - Osteoclasts

Question 36

stem cell whose divisions produce osteoblasts

Answer 36

osteogenic cells

Question 37

immature bone cell that secretes osteoid the organic component of bone matrix

Answer 37

osteoblast

Question 38

mature bone cell that maintains the bone matrix

Answer 38

osteocyte

Question 39

bone-dissolving cells found on bone surface

Answer 39

osteoclast

Question 40

architecture of bone determined by mechanical stresses placed on it. Remodeling is a collaborative and precise action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Bony processes grow larger in response to mechanical stress.

Answer 40

Wolff's law of bone

Question 41

the formation of bone

Answer 41

Ossification or osteogenesis

Question 42

Two mechanisms of bone formation

Answer 42

Intramembranous ossification Endochondral ossification

Question 43

Produces flat bones of skull, clavicle, and part of the mandible in fetus. Thickens long bones throughout life.

Answer 43

Intramembranous ossification

Question 44

Bones originate as hyaline cartilage. Produce long bones.

Answer 44

Endochondral ossification

Question 45

growth from within

Answer 45

interstitial growth

Question 46

occurs at bone surface. Continual growth in diameter and thickness.

Answer 46

Appositional growth

Question 47

process in which calcium, phosphate, and other ions are taken from blood and deposited in bone. Osteoblasts produce collagen fibers that spiral the length of the osteon.

Answer 47

Mineral deposition

Question 48

process of dissolving bone and releasing minerals into blood. Performed by osteoclasts at ruffled border.

Answer 48

Mineral resorption

Question 49

depends on a balance between dietary intake, urinary and fecal losses, and exchanges between osseous tissue

Answer 49

Calcium homeostasis

Question 50

Calcium homeostasis is regulated by three hormones

Answer 50

Calcitriol calcitonin parathyroid hormone

Question 51

most active form of vitamin D

Answer 51

calcitriol

Question 52

is a hormone that raises blood calcium level

Answer 52

calcitriol

Question 53

secreted by parathyroid glands on posterior surface of thyroid

Answer 53

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 54

secreted by C cells (clear cells) of thyroid gland when blood calcium levels rise too high

Answer 54

calcitonin

Question 55

explain the process of fracture repair

Answer 55

1. Hematoma formation 2. Soft callus formation 3. Hard callus formation 4. Bone remodeling