Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology > Brain and Cranial Nerves for Final EXAM > Flashcards

Brain and Cranial Nerves for Final EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

Four major portions of the brain

A

cerebrum
cerebellum
diencephalon
brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

largest part of the brain

A

cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

largest part of hindbrain

A

Cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

second largest part of the brain

A

Cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is apart of the Diencephalon

A

Thalamus
Epithalamus
Hypothalamus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • “Gateway to the cerebral cortex”
A

Thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

screens out most of the information it receives and des not pass it along to the cerebral cortex.

A

Thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does the thalamus play a major role in?

A

Plays key role in motor control. Relays signals from cerebellum to cerebrum and provides feedback loops between the cerebral cortex and the basal nuclei.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Involved in memory and emotion because the limbic system includes some of the anterior thalamic nuclei.

A

Thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

is a major control center of autonomic nervous system and endocrine system.

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does the Hypothalamus play a role in

A

Plays an essential role in homeostatic regulation of all body systems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Functions of hypothalamus

A

Hormone secretion
Autonomic effects
Thermoregulation
Food and water intake
Sleep and circadian rhythms
Memory
Emotional behavior
Anger, aggression, fear, pleasure, contentment, sexual drive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

connect the limbic system to other parts of the brain

A

Epithalamus (Pineal Gland)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Parts of the brainstem

A

midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the smallest portion of the brainstem

A

Midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

between the pons and diencephalon

A

Midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the part of the brainstem that links the medulla oblongata and the thalamus.

A

Pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

forming the lowest part of the brainstem and containing control centers for the heart and lungs.

A

Medulla Oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what comes from the forebrain

A

-Telencephalon
-Diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what comes from the midbrain

A

-Mesencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what comes from the hindbrain

A

-Metencephalon
-Myelencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Meninges layers from outermost (superficial) to innermost (deep)

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ventricles and flow of cerebrospinal fluid

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the function of the cerebrospinal fluid

A

assists the brain by providing protection, nourishment, and waste removal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what are the factors that play a role in establishing and maintaining the blood brain barrier
Anything leaving the blood must pass through the cells and not the gaps between them and endothelial cells can be selective (unlike simple gaps) excluding harmful substances, while allowing necessary ones to pass through to brain tissue.
26
function of the blood brain barrier
what substances can get from bloodstream into tissue fluid of the brain to prevent pathogens from entering the brain.
27
function of the reticular formation
Somatic motor control Gaze centers Central pattern generators Cardiovascular control Pain modulation Sleep and consciousness Habituation
28
function of cerebellum
coordinating movement and balance
29
function of the thalamus
Plays key role in motor control
30
They are located at the ends of the anterior arches of the fornix.
mammillary nuclei
31
function of the pineal gland
to receive information about the state of the light-dark cycle from the environment and convey this information by the production and secretion of the hormone melatonin
32
is the largest, most conspicuous part of human brain
cerebrum
33
function of the cerebrum
sensory perception, memory, thought, judgment, and voluntary motor actions
34
parts of cerebrum
-Frontal lobe -Parietal lobe -Occipital lobe -Temporal lobe -Insula
35
function of Frontal lobe
Voluntary motor functions, motivation, foresight, planning, memory, mood, emotion, social judgment, and aggression.
36
function of Parietal lobe
Integrates general senses, taste, and some visual information.
37
function of Occipital lobe
Primary visual center of brain.
38
function of Temporal lobe
Functions in hearing, smell, learning, memory, and some aspects of vision and emotion
39
function of Insula
Helps in understanding spoken language, taste and integrating information from visceral receptors
40
name the tracts of the cerebral white matter
-Association tracts -Commissural tracts -Projection tracts
41
Connect different regions within the same cerebral hemisphere. Long fibers connect different lobes; short fibers connect gyri within a lobe.
Association tracts
42
Cross from one cerebral hemisphere to the other allowing communication between two sides of cerebrum
Commissural tracts
43
Extend vertically between higher and lower brain and spinal cord centers
Projection tracts
44
two principal types of neurons found in the cerebral cortex
Stellate cells Pyramidal cells
45
Spheroid somas with dendrites projecting in all directions. Receive sensory input, process information locally.
Stellate cells
46
Tall and conical, with apex toward the brain surface. A thick dendrite with many branches with small, knobby dendritic spines. Include the output neurons of the cerebrum which are axons that leave the cortex and connect with other parts of the CNS.
Pyramidal cells
47
what is the function of the basal nuclei and brain centers
helping to control: Onset and cessation of intentional movements Repetitive hip and shoulder movements in walking Highly practiced, learned behaviors such as writing, typing, driving a car
48
what are the limbic system components
Cingulate gyrus Hippocampus Amygdala
49
function of limbic system
to process and regulate emotion and memory while also dealing with sexual stimulation and learning [Gratification and Aversion]
50
function of Cingulate gyrus
helps regulate emotions and pain
51
function of Hippocampus
important limbic system area for memory Functions in memory consolidation organizes cognitive information into a unified long-term memory but does not hold the memory itself.
52
function of Amygdala
contains emotional memory
53
function of the Primary sensory (somesthetic) cortex
Provides awareness of stimulus.
54
function of Sensory (somesthetic) association area
Makes cognitive sense of stimulus.
55
function of the Primary visual cortex
to receive, segment, and integrate visual information
56
function of Visual association area
deals with recognizing faces and familiar objects
57
function of Primary auditory cortex
processes auditory information
58
function of Auditory association area
Recognizes spoken words, a familiar piece of music, or a voice on the phone
59
function of Primary gustatory cortex
responsible for the perception of taste
60
function of Primary olfactory cortex
is involved with the learning and memory of odors, and encodes representations of odor quality, identity, familiarity, and hedonics.
61
function of Primary motor cortex
generate signals to direct the movement of the body
62
function of Motor association (premotor) area
involved in the selection of appropriate motor plans for voluntary movements
63
what are the two language areas
Wernicke area Broca area
64
a language deficit from lesions to hemisphere with Wernicke and Broca areas
Aphasia
65
Slow speech, difficulty in choosing words, using words that only approximate the correct word
Non fluent (Broca) aphasia
66
- Speech normal and excessive, but uses senseless jargon - Cannot comprehend written and spoken words
Fluent (Wernicke) Aphasia
67
Can speak and understand speech, cannot identify written words or pictures
Anomic aphasia
68
which cranial nerves are sensory
I, II, and VIII
69
which cranial nerves are motor
III, IV, VI, XI, and XII
70
which cranial nerves are mixed
V, VII, IX, and X
71
Cranial nerve I
The Olfactory Nerve (I) function: (Sensory) Sense of smell
72
Cranial nerve II
The Optic Nerve (II) function: (Senory): Provides vision
73
Cranial nerve III
The Oculomotor Nerve (III) function: Motor: Controls muscles that turn the eyeball up, down, and medially, as well as controlling the iris, lens, and upper eyelid
74
Cranial nerve IV
The Trochlear Nerve function: Motor: Eye movement
75
Cranial nerve V
Trigeminal Nerve function: Motor: Muscles of Mastication
76
Cranial nerve VI
The Abducens Nerve (VI) function: Motor: Provides eye movement (lateral rectus m.)
77
Cranial nerve VII
The Facial Nerve (VII) function: - Motor—major motor nerve of facial muscles: facial expressions; salivary glands and tear, nasal, and palatine glands - Sensory—taste on anterior two-thirds of tongue
78
Cranial nerve VIII
The Vestibulocochlear Nerve function: Sensory: Nerve of hearing and equilibrium
79
Cranial nerve IX
The Glossopharyngeal Nerve function: Swallowing, salivation, gagging, control of BP and respiration
80
Cranial nerve X
The Vagus Nerve (X) function: Major role in the control of cardiac, pulmonary, digestive, and urinary function Swallowing, speech, regulation of viscera
81
Cranial nerve XI
The Accessory Nerve (XI) Motor: Swallowing; head, neck, and shoulder movement
82
Cranial nerve XII
The Hypoglossal Nerve (XII) functions: Tongue movements for speech, food manipulation, and swallowing

Anatomy and Physiology (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions