Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology > Brain and Cranial Nerves for Final EXAM > Flashcards

Brain and Cranial Nerves for Final EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

Four major portions of the brain

A

cerebrum
cerebellum
diencephalon
brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

largest part of the brain

A

cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

largest part of hindbrain

A

Cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

second largest part of the brain

A

Cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is apart of the Diencephalon

A

Thalamus
Epithalamus
Hypothalamus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • “Gateway to the cerebral cortex”
A

Thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

screens out most of the information it receives and des not pass it along to the cerebral cortex.

A

Thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does the thalamus play a major role in?

A

Plays key role in motor control. Relays signals from cerebellum to cerebrum and provides feedback loops between the cerebral cortex and the basal nuclei.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Involved in memory and emotion because the limbic system includes some of the anterior thalamic nuclei.

A

Thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

is a major control center of autonomic nervous system and endocrine system.

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does the Hypothalamus play a role in

A

Plays an essential role in homeostatic regulation of all body systems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Functions of hypothalamus

A

Hormone secretion
Autonomic effects
Thermoregulation
Food and water intake
Sleep and circadian rhythms
Memory
Emotional behavior
Anger, aggression, fear, pleasure, contentment, sexual drive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

connect the limbic system to other parts of the brain

A

Epithalamus (Pineal Gland)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Parts of the brainstem

A

midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the smallest portion of the brainstem

A

Midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

between the pons and diencephalon

A

Midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the part of the brainstem that links the medulla oblongata and the thalamus.

A

Pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

forming the lowest part of the brainstem and containing control centers for the heart and lungs.

A

Medulla Oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what comes from the forebrain

A

-Telencephalon
-Diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what comes from the midbrain

A

-Mesencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what comes from the hindbrain

A

-Metencephalon
-Myelencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Meninges layers from outermost (superficial) to innermost (deep)

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ventricles and flow of cerebrospinal fluid

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the function of the cerebrospinal fluid

A

assists the brain by providing protection, nourishment, and waste removal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are the factors that play a role in establishing and maintaining the blood brain barrier

A

Anything leaving the blood must pass through the cells and not the gaps between them and endothelial cells can be selective (unlike simple gaps) excluding harmful substances, while allowing necessary ones to pass through to brain tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

function of the blood brain barrier

A

what substances can get from bloodstream into tissue fluid of the brain to prevent pathogens from entering the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

function of the reticular formation

A

Somatic motor control
Gaze centers
Central pattern generators
Cardiovascular control
Pain modulation
Sleep and consciousness
Habituation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

function of cerebellum

A

coordinating movement and balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

function of the thalamus

A

Plays key role in motor control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

They are located at the ends of the anterior arches of the fornix.

A

mammillary nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

function of the pineal gland

A

to receive information about the state of the light-dark cycle from the environment and convey this information by the production and secretion of the hormone melatonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

is the largest, most conspicuous part of human brain

A

cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

function of the cerebrum

A

sensory perception, memory, thought, judgment, and voluntary motor actions

34
Q

parts of cerebrum

A

-Frontal lobe
-Parietal lobe
-Occipital lobe
-Temporal lobe
-Insula

35
Q

function of Frontal lobe

A

Voluntary motor functions, motivation, foresight, planning, memory, mood, emotion, social judgment, and aggression.

36
Q

function of Parietal lobe

A

Integrates general senses, taste, and some visual information.

37
Q

function of Occipital lobe

A

Primary visual center of brain.

38
Q

function of Temporal lobe

A

Functions in hearing, smell, learning, memory, and some aspects of vision and
emotion

39
Q

function of Insula

A

Helps in understanding spoken language, taste and integrating information from visceral receptors

40
Q

name the tracts of the cerebral white matter

A

-Association tracts
-Commissural tracts
-Projection tracts

41
Q

Connect different regions within the same cerebral hemisphere. Long fibers connect different lobes; short fibers connect gyri within a lobe.

A

Association tracts

42
Q

Cross from one cerebral hemisphere to the other allowing communication between two sides of cerebrum

A

Commissural tracts

43
Q

Extend vertically between higher and lower brain and spinal cord centers

A

Projection tracts

44
Q

two principal types of neurons found in the cerebral cortex

A

Stellate cells
Pyramidal cells

45
Q

Spheroid somas with dendrites projecting in all directions.

Receive sensory input, process information locally.

A

Stellate cells

46
Q

Tall and conical, with apex toward the brain surface. A thick dendrite with many branches with small, knobby dendritic spines. Include the output neurons of the cerebrum which are axons that leave the cortex and connect with other parts of the CNS.

A

Pyramidal cells

47
Q

what is the function of the basal nuclei and brain centers

A

helping to control:

Onset and cessation of intentional movements

Repetitive hip and shoulder movements in walking

Highly practiced, learned behaviors such as writing, typing, driving a car

48
Q

what are the limbic system components

A

Cingulate gyrus
Hippocampus
Amygdala

49
Q

function of limbic system

A

to process and regulate emotion and memory while also dealing with sexual stimulation and learning

[Gratification and Aversion]

50
Q

function of Cingulate gyrus

A

helps regulate emotions and pain

51
Q

function of Hippocampus

A

important limbic system area for memory

Functions in memory consolidation

organizes cognitive information into a unified long-term memory but does not hold the memory itself.

52
Q

function of Amygdala

A

contains emotional memory

53
Q

function of the Primary sensory (somesthetic) cortex

A

Provides awareness of stimulus.

54
Q

function of Sensory (somesthetic) association area

A

Makes cognitive sense of stimulus.

55
Q

function of the Primary visual cortex

A

to receive, segment, and integrate visual information

56
Q

function of Visual association area

A

deals with recognizing faces and familiar objects

57
Q

function of Primary auditory cortex

A

processes auditory information

58
Q

function of Auditory association area

A

Recognizes spoken words, a familiar piece of music, or a voice on the phone

59
Q

function of Primary gustatory cortex

A

responsible for the perception of taste

60
Q

function of Primary olfactory cortex

A

is involved with the learning and memory of odors, and encodes representations of odor quality, identity, familiarity, and hedonics.

61
Q

function of Primary motor cortex

A

generate signals to direct the movement of the body

62
Q

function of Motor association (premotor) area

A

involved in the selection of appropriate motor plans for voluntary movements

63
Q

what are the two language areas

A

Wernicke area
Broca area

64
Q

a language deficit from lesions to hemisphere with Wernicke and Broca areas

A

Aphasia

65
Q

Slow speech, difficulty in choosing words, using words that only approximate the correct word

A

Non fluent (Broca) aphasia

66
Q
  • Speech normal and excessive, but uses
    senseless jargon
  • Cannot comprehend written and spoken
    words
A

Fluent (Wernicke) Aphasia

67
Q

Can speak and understand speech, cannot identify written words or pictures

A

Anomic aphasia

68
Q

which cranial nerves are sensory

A

I, II, and VIII

69
Q

which cranial nerves are motor

A

III, IV, VI, XI, and XII

70
Q

which cranial nerves are mixed

A

V, VII, IX, and X

71
Q

Cranial nerve I

A

The Olfactory Nerve (I)

function: (Sensory) Sense of smell

72
Q

Cranial nerve II

A

The Optic Nerve (II)

function:
(Senory): Provides vision

73
Q

Cranial nerve III

A

The Oculomotor Nerve (III)

function: Motor: Controls muscles that turn the eyeball up, down, and medially, as
well as controlling the iris, lens, and upper eyelid

74
Q

Cranial nerve IV

A

The Trochlear Nerve

function: Motor: Eye movement

75
Q

Cranial nerve V

A

Trigeminal Nerve

function: Motor: Muscles of Mastication

76
Q

Cranial nerve VI

A

The Abducens Nerve (VI)

function: Motor: Provides eye movement (lateral rectus m.)

77
Q

Cranial nerve VII

A

The Facial Nerve (VII)

function:

  • Motor—major motor nerve of facial muscles: facial expressions; salivary glands and tear, nasal, and palatine glands
  • Sensory—taste on anterior two-thirds of tongue
78
Q

Cranial nerve VIII

A

The Vestibulocochlear Nerve

function: Sensory: Nerve of hearing and equilibrium

79
Q

Cranial nerve IX

A

The Glossopharyngeal Nerve

function: Swallowing, salivation, gagging, control of BP and respiration

80
Q

Cranial nerve X

A

The Vagus Nerve (X)

function: Major role in the control of cardiac, pulmonary, digestive, and urinary function

Swallowing, speech, regulation of viscera

81
Q

Cranial nerve XI

A

The Accessory Nerve (XI)

Motor: Swallowing; head, neck, and shoulder movement

82
Q

Cranial nerve XII

A

The Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)

functions: Tongue movements for speech, food manipulation, and
swallowing

Anatomy and Physiology (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions