Autonomic Nervous System for Final EXAM

Question 1

function of autonomic nervous system

Answer 1

motor nervous system that controls glands, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle

Question 2

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 2

Parasympathetic division
Sympathetic division

Question 3

function of Parasympathetic division

Answer 3

Calms many body functions reducing energy expenditure and assists in bodily maintenance; Digestion and waste elimination

“resting and digesting”

Question 4

function of Sympathetic division

Answer 4

Prepares body for physical activity: exercise, trauma, arousal, competition, anger, or fear; Increases heart rate, BP, airflow, blood glucose levels, etc.; reduces blood flow to the skin and digestive tract.

“fight or flight”

Question 5

normal background rate of activity that represents the balance of the two systems according to the body’s needs

Answer 5

autonomic tone

Question 6

Must cross a synapse where the two neurons meet in an autonomic ganglion

Answer 6

autonomic pathway

Question 7

Where is the Preganglionic (presynaptic) neuron located

Answer 7

the first neuron has a neurosoma in the brainstem or spinal cord

Question 8

Where is the Postganglionic (postsynaptic) neuron located

Answer 8

neuron whose axon extends the rest of the way to the target cell

Question 9

length of Preganglionic fibers of sympathetic division

Answer 9

relatively short

Question 10

length of Preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic division

Answer 10

relatively long

Question 11

Neurotransmitters of Preganglionic fibers of sympathetic division

Answer 11

acetylcholine

Question 12

Neurotransmitters of preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic division

Answer 12

acetylcholine

Question 13

length of Postganglionic fibers of sympathetic division

Answer 13

long

Question 14

length of Postganglionic fibers of parasympathetic division

Answer 14

short

Question 15

Neurotransmitters of Postganglionic fibers of sympathetic division

Answer 15

normally: Epinephrine (NO)
sometimes: Norepinephrine (NE) or Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 16

Neurotransmitters of Postganglionic fibers of parasympathetic division

Answer 16

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 17

receptors of postganglionic neuron

Answer 17

nicotinic receptor

Question 18

explain the receptors of a parasympathetic fiber

Answer 18

pregang releases ACh which connects to Postgang’s nicotinic receptor which releases ACh and connects to the target cell’s muscarinic receptor

Question 19

types of sympathetic fibers

Answer 19

sympathetic adrenergic fiber
sympathetic cholinergic fiber

Question 20

explain the receptors of a sympathetic adrenergic fiber

Answer 20

pregang releases ACh which connects to Postgang’s nicotinic receptor which releases NE and connects to the target cell’s adrenergic receptor

Question 21

explain the receptors of a sympathetic cholinergic fiber

Answer 21

pregang releases ACh which connects to Postgang’s nicotinic receptor which releases ACh and connects to the target cell’s muscarinic receptor

Question 22

Nerve fibers leave the sympathetic chain by three routes

Answer 22

• Spinal nerve route
• Sympathetic nerve route
• Splanchnic nerves

Question 23

postganglionic fibers exit a ganglion by way of the gray ramus

Return to the spinal nerve and travel the rest of the way to the target organ

Answer 23

Spinal nerve route

Question 24

nerves leave by way of sympathetic nerves that extend to the heart, lungs, esophagus, and thoracic blood vessels.

Answer 24

Sympathetic nerve route

Question 25

fibers that arise from spinal nerves T5 to T12 pass through the sympathetic ganglia without synapsing continue on as the splanchnic nerves.

Answer 25

Splanchnic nerves

Question 26

Nerve fibers of the Parasympathetic division

Answer 26

CN III CN VII CN IX CN X Pelvic nerves

Question 27

CN III

Answer 27

Occulomotor nerve (III) * Narrows pupil and focuses lens

Question 28

CN VII

Answer 28

Facial nerve (VII) * Tear,nasal,andsalivaryglands

Question 29

CN IX

Answer 29

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) * Parotid salivary gland

Question 30

CN X

Answer 30

Vagus nerve (X) * Viscera as far as proximal half of colon * Cardiac, pulmonary, and esophageal plexuses that give off anterior and posterior vagal trunks

Question 31

three major collateral ganglia in this plexus

Answer 31

- Celiac, - Superior mesenteric - Inferior mesenteric

Question 32

functions of the adrenal glands

Answer 32

produce hormones that help regulate your metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, response to stress and other essential functions

Question 33

Secretes steroid hormones

Answer 33

Adrenal cortex

Question 34

Essentially a sympathetic ganglion consisting of modified postganglionic neurons (without fibers)

Answer 34

Adrenal Medulla

Question 35

function of enteric nervous system

Answer 35

the nervous system of the digestive tract

Question 36

effects of Acetylcholine

Answer 36

is secreted by all preganglionic neurons in both divisions and by postganglionic parasympathetic neurons

Question 37

can be excitatory or inhibitory Found in all cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and gland cells

Answer 37

effects of Muscarinic receptors

Question 38

Excitatory when ACh binding occurs. Found on all ANS postganglionic neurons, in the adrenal medulla, and at neuromuscular junctions of skeletal muscle.

Answer 38

effects of Nicotinic receptors

Question 39

is secreted by nearly all sympathetic postganglionic neurons called adrenergic fibers

Answer 39

effects of Norepinephrine

Question 40

Receptors for Norepinephrine

Answer 40

adrenergic receptors

Question 41

Alpha-adrenergic receptors

Answer 41

Usually excitatory

Question 42

Beta-adrenergic receptors

Answer 42

Usually inhibitory

Question 43

most viscera receive nerve fibers from both parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions

Answer 43

dual innervation

Question 44

oppose each other

Answer 44

Antagonistic effect

Question 45

two divisions act on different effectors to produce a unified overall effect

Answer 45

Cooperative effect

Question 46

Parasympathetic exerts more influence on what organs?

Answer 46

digestive organs

Question 47

Sympathetic has greater effect on what organs?

Answer 47

ventricular muscle of heart

Question 48

Some effectors receive only sympathetic fibers and no parasympathetic fibers

Answer 48

control without dual innervation

Question 49

effects of sympathomimetics and an example

Answer 49

enhance sympathetic activity. Stimulate receptors or increase norepinephrine release. albuterol or nasal decongestant

Question 50

effects of sympatholytics and an example

Answer 50

suppress sympathetic activity. Block receptors or inhibit norepinephrine release beta-blockers

Question 51

effects of parasympathomimetics and an example

Answer 51

enhance activity of the parasympathetic nervous system sleeping pills

Question 52

effects of parasympatholytics and an example

Answer 52

suppress activity of the parasympathetic nervous system. Caffeine

Question 53

effects of caffeine and an example

Answer 53

competes with adenosine (the presence of which causes sleepiness) by binding to its receptors