Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

link the bones of the skeletal system, permit effective movement, and protect the softer organs. Joint (articulation) is any point where two bones meet, whether or not the bones are movable at that interface.

A

joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

science of joint structure, function, and dysfunction

A

arthrology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the study of musculoskeletal movement

A

Kinesiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how can joints be classified

A

structure
function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

are classified based on their ability to allow movement

A

joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

This is a joint where the bones are very close together and sometimes interlock allowing for no movement.

A

Synarthrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

It is usually found in areas where movement between the bones must be prevented. Very Strong joints

A

Synarthrosi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are some examples of Synarthrosis joints

A

Suture
Gomphosis
Synchondrosis
Synostosis (Bony joint)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

This is a joint that permits for little movement but is not freely movable. The bones are connected by collagen fibers or cartilage

A

Amphiarthrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are some examples of Amphiarthrosis joints

A

Syndesmosis or Symphysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Freely movable joint

A

Diarthrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Weak joints

A

Diarthrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are some examples of Diarthrosis joints

A

synovial joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Four major joint categories

A
  • Bony joints
  • Fibrous joints
  • Cartilaginous joints
  • Synovial joints
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

an immobile joint formed when the gap between two bones ossifies, and the bones become, in effect, a single bone. Can occur in either fibrous or cartilaginous joint.

A

Bony joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

examples of bony joint

A
  • Left and right mandibular bones in
    infants
  • Cranial sutures in elderly
  • Attachment of first rib and sternum
    with old age
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

adjacent bones are bound by collagen fibers that emerge from one bone and penetrate into the other.

A

Fibrous joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

examples of Fibrous joint

A

Sutures
Gomphosis
Syndesmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

two bones are linked by cartilage.

A

cartilaginous joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the types of cartilaginous joints

A

synchondroses
symphyses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

most structurally complex joint in which two bones are separated by a joint cavity.

A

Synovial joint (diarthrosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Most familiar type of joint

A

Synovial joint (diarthrosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

layer of hyaline cartilage usually 2 or
3 mm thick that covers the facing surfaces of two bones.

A

Articular cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

separates articular surfaces.

A

Joint (articular) cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

slippery lubricant in joint cavity, rich in albumin and hyaluronic acid. Nourishes articular cartilage and removes waste. Makes movement of synovial joints almost friction free.

A

Synovial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

connective tissue that encloses the cavity and retains the fluid. Outer fibrous capsule: continuous with periosteum of adjoining bones. Inner, cellular, synovial membrane: composed mainly of fibroblast-like cells that secrete synovial fluid and macrophages that remove debris from the joint cavity.

A

Joint (articular) capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

forms a pad between articulating bones that crosses the entire joint capsule.

A

Articular disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

moon-shaped cartilage in knee; in each knee, menisci extend inward from the left and right.

A

Meniscus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

strip of collagenous tissue attaching muscle to bone

A

Tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

strip of collagenous tissue attaching one bone to another.

A

ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid, located between muscles, where tendons pass over bone, or between bone and skin. Cushions muscles, helps tendons slide more easily over joints, modifies direction of tendon pull.

A

Bursa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

elongated cylindrical bursa wrapped around a tendon found in hand and foot.

A

tendon sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

any elongated, rigid object that rotates around a fixed point called a fulcrum

A

lever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

where is everything placed in a first-class lever

A

fulcrum is in the middle of effort and resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

example of a first-class lever

A

Atlanto–occipital joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

where is everything placed in a second-class lever

A

Resistance between fulcrum and effort (FRE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

where is everything placed in a third-class lever

A

Effort between the resistance and the fulcrum (REF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

example of a third-class lever

A

biceps curl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Planes of movement

A
  • monoaxial
  • biaxial
  • triaxial
  • multiaxial joint
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

movement in one plane (and example)

A

monoaxial
(elbow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

movement in two plane (and example)

A

biaxial
(wrist)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

movement in three plane
(and example)

A

triaxial
(shoulder, hip)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

movement in multiple planes
(and example)

A

multiaxial
(hip, shoulder)

44
Q

Classes of Synovial Joints

A
  1. ball-and-socket
  2. condylar
  3. hinge
  4. plane
  5. pivot
  6. saddle
45
Q

Smooth, hemispherical head fits within a cup-like socket. Only multiaxial joints in the body.

A

Ball-and-socket joints
(shoulder joint and hip joint)

46
Q

what are examples of Ball-and-socket joints

A

shoulder joint
hip joint

47
Q

what type of plane of motion is a ball-and-socket joint

A

triaxial

48
Q

Oval convex surface of one bone fits into a complementary- shaped depression on the other.

A

Condylar (ellipsoid) joints

49
Q

what are examples of Condylar (ellipsoid) joints

A

radiocarpal joint
metacarpophalangeal joints 2-5
metatarsophalangeal joints

50
Q

what type of plane of motion is a Condylar (ellipsoid) joint

A

biaxial

51
Q

Both bones have an articular surface, one concave, the other convex

A

Saddle joints

52
Q

what are examples of saddle joints

A

trapeziometacarpal (opposable thumb) sternoclavicular joint
first carpometacarpal joint

53
Q

what type of plane of motion is a saddle joint

A

biaxial

54
Q

Flat articular surfaces, bones slide over each other

A

Plane (gliding) joints

55
Q

what are examples of Plane (gliding) joints

A
  • between carpal bones of wrist
  • between tarsal bones of ankle
  • between articular processes of
    vertebrae.
56
Q

what type of plane of motion is a plane (gliding) joint

A

biaxial joints
multiaxial

57
Q

One bone with convex surface fits into a concave depression of another bone.

A

hinge joints

58
Q

what are examples of hinge joints

A

elbow
knee
joints within fingers
toes

59
Q

what type of plane of motion is a hinge joint

A

monaxial

60
Q

A bone spins on its longitudinal axis

A

Pivot joints

61
Q

what are examples of pivot joints

A

atlantoaxial joint (C1 and C2), radioulnar joint

62
Q

the position of a joint when a person is in the standard anatomical position

A

zero position

63
Q

described as deviating from the zero position or returning to it.

A

Joint movements

64
Q

movement that decreases joint angle.

A

flexion

65
Q

movement that straightens a joint and returns a body part to the zero position.

A

extension

66
Q

extension of a joint beyond the zero position.

A

Hyperextension

67
Q

movement of a body part in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body

A

Abduction

68
Q

movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline

A

Adduction

69
Q

movement that raises a body part vertically in the frontal plane

A

Elevation

70
Q

movement that lowers a body part in the same plane

A

Depression

71
Q

the anterior movement of a body part in the transverse (horizontal) plane

A

protraction

72
Q

posterior movement

A

retraction

73
Q

one end of an appendage remains stationary while other end makes a circular motion

A

Circumduction

74
Q

movement in which a bone spins on its longitudinal axis

A

Rotation

75
Q

turns the bone inward

A

Medial (internal) rotation

76
Q

turns the bone outward

A

Lateral (external) rotation

77
Q

forearm movement that turns palm to face anteriorly or upward

A

Supination

78
Q

forearm movement that turns palm to face either posteriorly or downward

A

Pronation

79
Q

forward-bending movements at the waist or neck

A

Flexion

80
Q

straightens trunk or neck

A

Extension

81
Q

tilting the head or trunk to the right or left at the midline

A

Lateral flexion

82
Q

the anterior movement of the jaw in the transverse (horizontal) plane.

A

Protraction

83
Q

posterior movement of the jaw in the transverse (horizontal) plane.

A

Retraction

84
Q

movement back to the median, zero position.

A

Medial excursion

85
Q

right or left movement from the zero position.

A

Lateral excursion

86
Q

tilting hand toward thumb

A

Radial flexion

87
Q

tilting hand toward little finger

A

Ulnar flexion

88
Q

spreading them apart versus bringing them together

A

Abduction versus adduction of the fingers

89
Q

curling versus straightening them

A

Flexion versus extension of fingers

90
Q

moving thumb away from hand and pointing it anteriorly

A

Palmar abduction

91
Q

moving thumb away from index finger (90°)

A

Radial abduction

92
Q

tip of thumb directed toward palm

A

Flexion of thumb

93
Q

straightening the thumb

A

Extension of thumb

94
Q

moving thumb to tough tip of a finger

A

Opposition

95
Q

returning thumb to the zero position

A

Reposition

96
Q

movement in which the soles are turned medially

A

Inversion

97
Q

movement in which the soles are turned laterally

A

Eversion

98
Q

elevating toes as you do while swinging foot forward to take a step (heel strike)

A

Dorsiflexion

99
Q

extending foot so that toes point downward as in standing on tiptoe (toe-off)

A

Plantar flexion

100
Q

complex combination of plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction

A

Supination of foot

101
Q

complex combination of dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction

A

pronation of foot

102
Q

a broad term for pain and inflammation of joints. Most common crippling disease in the United States. Rheumatologists—physicians who treat arthritis and other joint disorders

A

Arthritis

103
Q

a separation of two bones where they meet at a joint

A

Dislocation

104
Q

an injury to a muscle or a tendon

A

Strain

105
Q

occur when you stretch a ligament attached to a joint

A

Sprain

Anatomy and Physiology (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions