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Anatomy and Physiology > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

link the bones of the skeletal system, permit effective movement, and protect the softer organs. Joint (articulation) is any point where two bones meet, whether or not the bones are movable at that interface.

A

joints

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2
Q

science of joint structure, function, and dysfunction

A

arthrology

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3
Q

the study of musculoskeletal movement

A

Kinesiology

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4
Q

how can joints be classified

A

structure
function

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5
Q

are classified based on their ability to allow movement

A

joints

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6
Q

This is a joint where the bones are very close together and sometimes interlock allowing for no movement.

A

Synarthrosis

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7
Q

It is usually found in areas where movement between the bones must be prevented. Very Strong joints

A

Synarthrosi

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8
Q

what are some examples of Synarthrosis joints

A

Suture
Gomphosis
Synchondrosis
Synostosis (Bony joint)

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9
Q

This is a joint that permits for little movement but is not freely movable. The bones are connected by collagen fibers or cartilage

A

Amphiarthrosis

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10
Q

what are some examples of Amphiarthrosis joints

A

Syndesmosis or Symphysis.

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11
Q

Freely movable joint

A

Diarthrosis

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12
Q

Weak joints

A

Diarthrosis

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13
Q

what are some examples of Diarthrosis joints

A

synovial joint

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14
Q

Four major joint categories

A
  • Bony joints
  • Fibrous joints
  • Cartilaginous joints
  • Synovial joints
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15
Q

an immobile joint formed when the gap between two bones ossifies, and the bones become, in effect, a single bone. Can occur in either fibrous or cartilaginous joint.

A

Bony joint

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16
Q

examples of bony joint

A
  • Left and right mandibular bones in
    infants
  • Cranial sutures in elderly
  • Attachment of first rib and sternum
    with old age
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17
Q

adjacent bones are bound by collagen fibers that emerge from one bone and penetrate into the other.

A

Fibrous joint

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18
Q

examples of Fibrous joint

A

Sutures
Gomphosis
Syndesmosis

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19
Q

two bones are linked by cartilage.

A

cartilaginous joints

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20
Q

what are the types of cartilaginous joints

A

synchondroses
symphyses

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21
Q

most structurally complex joint in which two bones are separated by a joint cavity.

A

Synovial joint (diarthrosis)

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22
Q

Most familiar type of joint

A

Synovial joint (diarthrosis)

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23
Q

layer of hyaline cartilage usually 2 or
3 mm thick that covers the facing surfaces of two bones.

A

Articular cartilage

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24
Q

separates articular surfaces.

A

Joint (articular) cavity

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25
slippery lubricant in joint cavity, rich in albumin and hyaluronic acid. Nourishes articular cartilage and removes waste. Makes movement of synovial joints almost friction free.
Synovial fluid
26
connective tissue that encloses the cavity and retains the fluid. Outer fibrous capsule: continuous with periosteum of adjoining bones. Inner, cellular, synovial membrane: composed mainly of fibroblast-like cells that secrete synovial fluid and macrophages that remove debris from the joint cavity.
Joint (articular) capsule
27
forms a pad between articulating bones that crosses the entire joint capsule.
Articular disc
28
moon-shaped cartilage in knee; in each knee, menisci extend inward from the left and right.
Meniscus
29
strip of collagenous tissue attaching muscle to bone
Tendon
30
strip of collagenous tissue attaching one bone to another.
ligament
31
fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid, located between muscles, where tendons pass over bone, or between bone and skin. Cushions muscles, helps tendons slide more easily over joints, modifies direction of tendon pull.
Bursa
32
elongated cylindrical bursa wrapped around a tendon found in hand and foot.
tendon sheath
33
any elongated, rigid object that rotates around a fixed point called a fulcrum
lever
34
where is everything placed in a first-class lever
fulcrum is in the middle of effort and resistance
35
example of a first-class lever
Atlanto–occipital joint
36
where is everything placed in a second-class lever
Resistance between fulcrum and effort (FRE)
37
where is everything placed in a third-class lever
Effort between the resistance and the fulcrum (REF)
38
example of a third-class lever
biceps curl
39
Planes of movement
- monoaxial - biaxial - triaxial - multiaxial joint
40
movement in one plane (and example)
monoaxial (elbow)
41
movement in two plane (and example)
biaxial (wrist)
42
movement in three plane (and example)
triaxial (shoulder, hip)
43
movement in multiple planes (and example)
multiaxial (hip, shoulder)
44
Classes of Synovial Joints
1. ball-and-socket 2. condylar 3. hinge 4. plane 5. pivot 6. saddle
45
Smooth, hemispherical head fits within a cup-like socket. Only multiaxial joints in the body.
Ball-and-socket joints (shoulder joint and hip joint)
46
what are examples of Ball-and-socket joints
shoulder joint hip joint
47
what type of plane of motion is a ball-and-socket joint
triaxial
48
Oval convex surface of one bone fits into a complementary- shaped depression on the other.
Condylar (ellipsoid) joints
49
what are examples of Condylar (ellipsoid) joints
radiocarpal joint metacarpophalangeal joints 2-5 metatarsophalangeal joints
50
what type of plane of motion is a Condylar (ellipsoid) joint
biaxial
51
Both bones have an articular surface, one concave, the other convex
Saddle joints
52
what are examples of saddle joints
trapeziometacarpal (opposable thumb) sternoclavicular joint first carpometacarpal joint
53
what type of plane of motion is a saddle joint
biaxial
54
Flat articular surfaces, bones slide over each other
Plane (gliding) joints
55
what are examples of Plane (gliding) joints
- between carpal bones of wrist - between tarsal bones of ankle - between articular processes of vertebrae.
56
what type of plane of motion is a plane (gliding) joint
biaxial joints multiaxial
57
One bone with convex surface fits into a concave depression of another bone.
hinge joints
58
what are examples of hinge joints
elbow knee joints within fingers toes
59
what type of plane of motion is a hinge joint
monaxial
60
A bone spins on its longitudinal axis
Pivot joints
61
what are examples of pivot joints
atlantoaxial joint (C1 and C2), radioulnar joint
62
the position of a joint when a person is in the standard anatomical position
zero position
63
described as deviating from the zero position or returning to it.
Joint movements
64
movement that decreases joint angle.
flexion
65
movement that straightens a joint and returns a body part to the zero position.
extension
66
extension of a joint beyond the zero position.
Hyperextension
67
movement of a body part in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body
Abduction
68
movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline
Adduction
69
movement that raises a body part vertically in the frontal plane
Elevation
70
movement that lowers a body part in the same plane
Depression
71
the anterior movement of a body part in the transverse (horizontal) plane
protraction
72
posterior movement
retraction
73
one end of an appendage remains stationary while other end makes a circular motion
Circumduction
74
movement in which a bone spins on its longitudinal axis
Rotation
75
turns the bone inward
Medial (internal) rotation
76
turns the bone outward
Lateral (external) rotation
77
forearm movement that turns palm to face anteriorly or upward
Supination
78
forearm movement that turns palm to face either posteriorly or downward
Pronation
79
forward-bending movements at the waist or neck
Flexion
80
straightens trunk or neck
Extension
81
tilting the head or trunk to the right or left at the midline
Lateral flexion
82
the anterior movement of the jaw in the transverse (horizontal) plane.
Protraction
83
posterior movement of the jaw in the transverse (horizontal) plane.
Retraction
84
movement back to the median, zero position.
Medial excursion
85
right or left movement from the zero position.
Lateral excursion
86
tilting hand toward thumb
Radial flexion
87
tilting hand toward little finger
Ulnar flexion
88
spreading them apart versus bringing them together
Abduction versus adduction of the fingers
89
curling versus straightening them
Flexion versus extension of fingers
90
moving thumb away from hand and pointing it anteriorly
Palmar abduction
91
moving thumb away from index finger (90°)
Radial abduction
92
tip of thumb directed toward palm
Flexion of thumb
93
straightening the thumb
Extension of thumb
94
moving thumb to tough tip of a finger
Opposition
95
returning thumb to the zero position
Reposition
96
movement in which the soles are turned medially
Inversion
97
movement in which the soles are turned laterally
Eversion
98
elevating toes as you do while swinging foot forward to take a step (heel strike)
Dorsiflexion
99
extending foot so that toes point downward as in standing on tiptoe (toe-off)
Plantar flexion
100
complex combination of plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction
Supination of foot
101
complex combination of dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction
pronation of foot
102
a broad term for pain and inflammation of joints. Most common crippling disease in the United States. Rheumatologists—physicians who treat arthritis and other joint disorders
Arthritis
103
a separation of two bones where they meet at a joint
Dislocation
104
an injury to a muscle or a tendon
Strain
105
occur when you stretch a ligament attached to a joint
Sprain

Anatomy and Physiology (22 decks)

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