Joints for Final EXAM Flashcards
link the bones of the skeletal system, permit effective movement, and protect the softer organs.
is any point where two bones meet, whether or not the bones are movable at that interface.
joints
the study of musculoskeletal movement
Kinesiology
This is a joint where the bones are very close together and sometimes interlock allowing for no movement.
Synarthrosis
It is usually found in areas where movement between the bones must be prevented. Very Strong joints
Synarthrosis
This is a joint that permits for little movement but is not freely movable. The bones are connected by collagen fibers or cartilage
Amphiarthrosis
Freely movable joint
Diarthrosis
Weak joints
Diarthrosis
Four major joint categories
- Bony joints
- Fibrous joints
- Cartilaginous joints
- Synovial joints
an immobile joint formed when the gap between two bones ossifies, and the bones become, in effect, a single bone. Can occur in either fibrous or cartilaginous joint.
Bony joint
examples of bony joint
- Left and right mandibular bones in
infants - Cranial sutures in elderly
- Attachment of first rib and sternum
with old age
adjacent bones are bound by collagen fibers that emerge from one bone and penetrate into the other.
Fibrous joint
two bones are linked by cartilage.
cartilaginous joints
most structurally complex joint in which two bones are separated by a joint cavity.
Synovial joint (diarthrosis)
layer of hyaline cartilage usually 2 or
3 mm thick that covers the facing surfaces of two bones.
Articular cartilage
separates articular surfaces.
Joint (articular) cavity
slippery lubricant in joint cavity, rich in albumin and hyaluronic acid. Nourishes articular cartilage and removes waste. Makes movement of synovial joints almost friction free.
Synovial fluid
connective tissue that encloses the cavity and retains the fluid. Outer fibrous capsule: continuous with periosteum of adjoining bones. Inner, cellular, synovial membrane: composed mainly of fibroblast-like cells that secrete synovial fluid and macrophages that remove debris from the joint cavity.
Joint (articular) capsule
forms a pad between articulating bones that crosses the entire joint capsule.
Articular disc
moon-shaped cartilage in knee; in each knee, menisci extend inward from the left and right.
Meniscus
strip of collagenous tissue attaching muscle to bone
Tendon
strip of collagenous tissue attaching one bone to another.
ligament
fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid, located between muscles, where tendons pass over bone, or between bone and skin. Cushions muscles, helps tendons slide more easily over joints, modifies direction of tendon pull.
Bursa
elongated cylindrical bursa wrapped around a tendon found in hand and foot.
tendon sheath
where is everything placed in a first-class lever
fulcrum is in the middle of effort and resistance
