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Anatomy and Physiology > Joints for Final EXAM > Flashcards

Joints for Final EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

link the bones of the skeletal system, permit effective movement, and protect the softer organs.

is any point where two bones meet, whether or not the bones are movable at that interface.

A

joints

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2
Q

the study of musculoskeletal movement

A

Kinesiology

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3
Q

This is a joint where the bones are very close together and sometimes interlock allowing for no movement.

A

Synarthrosis

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4
Q

It is usually found in areas where movement between the bones must be prevented. Very Strong joints

A

Synarthrosis

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5
Q

This is a joint that permits for little movement but is not freely movable. The bones are connected by collagen fibers or cartilage

A

Amphiarthrosis

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6
Q

Freely movable joint

A

Diarthrosis

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7
Q

Weak joints

A

Diarthrosis

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8
Q

Four major joint categories

A
  • Bony joints
  • Fibrous joints
  • Cartilaginous joints
  • Synovial joints
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9
Q

an immobile joint formed when the gap between two bones ossifies, and the bones become, in effect, a single bone. Can occur in either fibrous or cartilaginous joint.

A

Bony joint

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10
Q

examples of bony joint

A
  • Left and right mandibular bones in
    infants
  • Cranial sutures in elderly
  • Attachment of first rib and sternum
    with old age
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11
Q

adjacent bones are bound by collagen fibers that emerge from one bone and penetrate into the other.

A

Fibrous joint

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12
Q

two bones are linked by cartilage.

A

cartilaginous joints

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13
Q

most structurally complex joint in which two bones are separated by a joint cavity.

A

Synovial joint (diarthrosis)

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14
Q

layer of hyaline cartilage usually 2 or
3 mm thick that covers the facing surfaces of two bones.

A

Articular cartilage

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15
Q

separates articular surfaces.

A

Joint (articular) cavity

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16
Q

slippery lubricant in joint cavity, rich in albumin and hyaluronic acid. Nourishes articular cartilage and removes waste. Makes movement of synovial joints almost friction free.

A

Synovial fluid

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17
Q

connective tissue that encloses the cavity and retains the fluid. Outer fibrous capsule: continuous with periosteum of adjoining bones. Inner, cellular, synovial membrane: composed mainly of fibroblast-like cells that secrete synovial fluid and macrophages that remove debris from the joint cavity.

A

Joint (articular) capsule

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18
Q

forms a pad between articulating bones that crosses the entire joint capsule.

A

Articular disc

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19
Q

moon-shaped cartilage in knee; in each knee, menisci extend inward from the left and right.

A

Meniscus

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20
Q

strip of collagenous tissue attaching muscle to bone

A

Tendon

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21
Q

strip of collagenous tissue attaching one bone to another.

A

ligament

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22
Q

fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid, located between muscles, where tendons pass over bone, or between bone and skin. Cushions muscles, helps tendons slide more easily over joints, modifies direction of tendon pull.

A

Bursa

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23
Q

elongated cylindrical bursa wrapped around a tendon found in hand and foot.

A

tendon sheath

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24
Q

where is everything placed in a first-class lever

A

fulcrum is in the middle of effort and resistance

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25
Q

example of a first-class lever

A

Atlanto–occipital joint

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26
Q

where is everything placed in a second-class lever

A

Resistance between fulcrum and effort (FRE)

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27
Q

where is everything placed in a third-class lever

A

Effort between the resistance and the fulcrum (REF)

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28
Q

example of a third-class lever

A

biceps curl

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29
Q

Classes of Synovial Joints

A
  1. ball-and-socket
  2. condylar
  3. hinge
  4. plane
  5. pivot
  6. saddle
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30
Q

Smooth, hemispherical head fits within a cup-like socket. Only multiaxial joints in the body.

A

Ball-and-socket joints
(shoulder joint and hip joint)

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31
Q

what are examples of Ball-and-socket joints

A

shoulder joint
hip joint

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32
Q

Oval convex surface of one bone fits into a complementary- shaped depression on the other.

A

Condylar (ellipsoid) joints

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33
Q

what are examples of Condylar (ellipsoid) joints

A

radiocarpal joint
metacarpophalangeal joints 2-5
metatarsophalangeal joints

34
Q

Both bones have an articular surface, one concave, the other convex

A

Saddle joints

35
Q

what are examples of saddle joints

A

trapeziometacarpal (opposable thumb) sternoclavicular joint
first carpometacarpal joint

36
Q

Flat articular surfaces, bones slide over each other

A

Plane (gliding) joints

37
Q

what are examples of Plane (gliding) joints

A
  • between carpal bones of wrist
  • between tarsal bones of ankle
  • between articular processes of
    vertebrae.
38
Q

One bone with convex surface fits into a concave depression of another bone.

A

hinge joints

39
Q

what are examples of hinge joints

A

elbow
knee
joints within fingers
toes

40
Q

A bone spins on its longitudinal axis

A

Pivot joints

41
Q

what are examples of pivot joints

A

atlantoaxial joint (C1 and C2), radioulnar joint

42
Q

the position of a joint when a person is in the standard anatomical position

A

zero position

43
Q

described as deviating from the zero position or returning to it.

A

Joint movements

44
Q

movement that decreases joint angle.

A

flexion

45
Q

movement that straightens a joint and returns a body part to the zero position.

A

extension

46
Q

extension of a joint beyond the zero position.

A

Hyperextension

47
Q

movement of a body part in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body

A

Abduction

48
Q

movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline

A

Adduction

49
Q

movement that raises a body part vertically in the frontal plane

A

Elevation

50
Q

movement that lowers a body part in the same plane

A

Depression

51
Q

the anterior movement of a body part in the transverse (horizontal) plane

A

protraction

52
Q

posterior movement

A

retraction

53
Q

one end of an appendage remains stationary while other end makes a circular motion

A

Circumduction

54
Q

movement in which a bone spins on its longitudinal axis

A

Rotation

55
Q

turns the bone inward

A

Medial (internal) rotation

56
Q

turns the bone outward

A

Lateral (external) rotation

57
Q

forearm movement that turns palm to face anteriorly or upward

A

Supination

58
Q

forearm movement that turns palm to face either posteriorly or downward

A

Pronation

59
Q

forward-bending movements at the waist or neck

A

Flexion

60
Q

straightens trunk or neck

A

Extension

61
Q

tilting the head or trunk to the right or left at the midline

A

Lateral flexion

62
Q

the anterior movement of the jaw in the transverse (horizontal) plane.

A

Protraction

63
Q

posterior movement of the jaw in the transverse (horizontal) plane.

A

Retraction

64
Q

movement back to the median, zero position.

A

Medial excursion

65
Q

right or left movement from the zero position.

A

Lateral excursion

66
Q

tilting hand toward thumb

A

Radial flexion

67
Q

tilting hand toward little finger

A

Ulnar flexion

68
Q

spreading them apart versus bringing them together

A

Abduction versus adduction of the fingers

69
Q

curling versus straightening them

A

Flexion versus extension of fingers

70
Q

moving thumb away from hand and pointing it anteriorly

A

Palmar abduction

71
Q

moving thumb away from index finger (90°)

A

Radial abduction

72
Q

tip of thumb directed toward palm

A

Flexion of thumb

73
Q

straightening the thumb

A

Extension of thumb

74
Q

moving thumb to tough tip of a finger

A

Opposition

75
Q

returning thumb to the zero position

A

Reposition

76
Q

movement in which the soles are turned medially

A

Inversion

77
Q

movement in which the soles are turned laterally

A

Eversion

78
Q

elevating toes as you do while swinging foot forward to take a step (heel strike)

A

Dorsiflexion

79
Q

extending foot so that toes point downward as in standing on tiptoe (toe-off)

A

Plantar flexion

80
Q

complex combination of plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction

A

Supination of foot

81
Q

complex combination of dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction

A

pronation of foot

Anatomy and Physiology (22 decks)

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