Introduction to A&P for Final EXAM

Question 1

The study of the structures, the body parts.

Answer 1

anatomy

Question 2

studying structures that can be seen with the naked eyes.

Answer 2

Gross Anatomy

Question 3

Structures are studied based on the location

Answer 3

regional anatomy

Question 4

another name for gross anatomy

Answer 4

Macroscopic anatomy

Question 5

Structures are studied based on system

Answer 5

systemic anatomy

Question 6

what are the two types of gross anatomy

Answer 6

regional and systemic

Question 7

Structures that can be seen with a microscope because it cannot be
seen with the naked eyes

Answer 7

microscopic anatomy

Question 8

Study of the structures throughout a lifespan

Answer 8

developmental anatomy

Question 9

Structures are studied based on diseases.

Answer 9

pathological anatomy

Question 10

Structures are studied based on radiographic images(x-ray).

Answer 10

Radiographic anatomy

Question 11

The study of the functions of those body parts.

Answer 11

physiology

Question 12

name the level of organization from smallest to highest

Answer 12

atom
molecule
organelles
cells
tissue
organs
organ system
organism

Question 13

the smallest particle

Answer 13

atoms

Question 14

composed of two or more atoms

Answer 14

molecules

Question 15

structures within a cell that carry out cellular function composed of molecules

Answer 15

organelles

Question 16

made up of different organelles

Answer 16

cells

Question 17

the smallest unit of an organism

Answer 17

cells

Question 18

made up of cells with similar function or similar cell products

Answer 18

tissues

Question 19

made up of multiple tissues that carry out a similar functions

Answer 19

organs

Question 20

made up of multiple organs that maintain a common function

Answer 20

organ system

Question 21

the organism is made up of the multiple organ systems

Answer 21

organisms

Question 22

what is an example of an organism

Answer 22

a human

Question 23

is the state of balance or the internal stable state that the body tries to
maintain.

Answer 23

homeostasis

Question 24

what happens when the body deviates form the normal state?

Answer 24

diseased state

Question 25

what are the mechanisms that the body uses to combat a change from homeostasis

Answer 25

negative feedback and positive feedback

Question 26

what is negative feedback?

Answer 26

Opposes the outcome or reverses a mechanism as a way to maintain a stable state. It counteracts the response

Question 27

are composed of components needed to synthesize and assemble ribosomal subunits.

Answer 27

Nucleoli

Question 28

Composed of DNA, histone proteins and RNA, makes up the genes.

Answer 28

chromatin

Question 29

Random molecular motion of particles provides necessary energy running down the concentration gradient

Answer 29

Passive mechanisms

Question 30

what mechanism consumes ATP

Answer 30

Active mechanism

Question 31

mechanisms use a membrane protein to transport substances across membrane

Answer 31

Carrier-mediated mechanisms

Question 32

particles are driven through membrane by physical pressure

Answer 32

filtration

Question 33

net movement of particles from place of high concentration to place of lower concentration

Answer 33

simple diffusion

Question 34

net flow of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 34

osmosis

Question 35

how does water move through osmosis

Answer 35

where water is more concentrated to the side where it is less concentrated

Question 36

hydrostatic pressure required to stop osmosis

Answer 36

Osmotic pressure

Question 37

the ability of a surrounding solution (bath) to affect fluid volume and pressure in a cell

Answer 37

tonicityw

Question 38

what are the features of specificity

Answer 38

- Transport proteins are specific for particular solutes - Solute (ligand) binds to receptor site on carrier protein - Solute is released unchanged on other side of membrane

Question 39

what is an example of a uniport

Answer 39

calcium pump

Question 40

Carries two or more solutes in opposite directions

Answer 40

antiport (countertransport)

Question 41

what is an example of antiport

Answer 41

sodium-potasium pump removes Na+, brings in K+

Question 42

what are the Three mechanisms of carrier-mediated transport

Answer 42

Facilitated diffusion primary active transport secondary active transport

Question 43

carrier moves solute down its concentration gradient

Answer 43

Facilitated diffusion

Question 44

Solute attaches to binding site on carrier, carrier changes conformation, then releases solute on other side of membrane

Answer 44

Facilitated diffusion

Question 45

carrier moves solute through a membrane up its concentration gradient

Answer 45

Primary active transport

Question 46

uses ATP while expelling calcium from cell to where it is already more concentrated

Answer 46

Calcium pump (uniport)

Question 47

uses ATP while expelling sodium and importing potassium into cell

Answer 47

Sodium–potassium pump (antiport)

Question 48

what does the sodium-potassium pump do

Answer 48

Keeps K+ concentration higher and Na+ concentration lower within the cell than in ECF

Question 49

what are the sodium-potassium pump functions

Answer 49

* Maintains steep Na+ concentration gradient allowing for secondary active transport * Regulates solute concentration and thus osmosis and thus cell volume * Maintains negatively charged resting membrane potential * Produces heat

Question 50

Carrier moves solute through membrane but only uses ATP indirectly

Answer 50

Secondary active transport

Question 51

moves large particles, fluid droplets, or numerous molecules at once through the membrane in vesicles bubble-like enclosures of membrane

Answer 51

vesicular transport

Question 52

vesicular processes that bring material into cell

Answer 52

Endocytosis

Question 53

types of Endocytosis

Answer 53

phagocytosis pinocytosis receptor-medicated endocytosis

Question 54

particles bind to specific receptors on plasma membrane

Answer 54

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 55

cell drinking,” taking in droplets of ECF containing molecules useful in the cell

Answer 55

pinocytosis

Question 56

“cell eating,” engulfing large particles

Answer 56

phagocytosis

Question 57

what are some example so phagocytosis

Answer 57

Pseudopods phagosomes macrophages

Question 58

“cell eating,” engulfing large particles

Answer 58

phagocytosis

Question 59

discharging material from the cel

Answer 59

exocytosis

Question 60

more selective endocytosis Enables cells to take in specific molecules that bind to extracellular receptors

Answer 60

receptor-mediated endocytosis