Integumentary System for Final EXAM

Question 1

skin functions

Answer 1

• Resistance to trauma and infection
• Functions against a barrier to water,
  UV radiation, and harmful chemicals.
• Vitamin D synthesis
• Sensation
• Thermoregulation
• Nonverbal communication

Question 2

Five epidermal cell types

Answer 2

stem cells
keratinocytes
melanocytes
tacile cells
dendritic cells

Question 3

Undifferentiated cells that give rise to
keratinocytes. Found in the deepest layer of epidermis

Answer 3

stem cells

Question 4

Makes up the great majority of epidermal cells.

Answer 4

keratinocytes

Question 5

Synthesize pigment melanin that shields DNA from ultraviolet radiation.

Answer 5

melanocytes

Question 6

Touch receptor cells associated with dermal nerve fibers

Answer 6

tactile cells

Question 7

Macrophages originating in bone marrow that guard against pathogens

Answer 7

Dendritic cells

Question 8

Layers of the Epidermis bottom to top

Answer 8

Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum

Question 9

this is the most superficial layer

Answer 9

Stratum corneum

Question 10

Thin, pale layer found only in thick skin. Keratinocytes packed with clear protein eleidin.

Answer 10

Stratum lucidum

Question 11

Three to five layers of flat keratinocytes with cells that contain dark-staining keratohyalin granules-Promotes cellular dehydration and cross-linking of keratin fibers.

Answer 11

Stratum granulosum

Question 12

his is the deepest epidermal layer that is attached to the basement membrane. It is a single layer made up of stem cells and keratinocytes. This layer also contains a few melanocytes and tactile cells

Answer 12

Stratum basale

Question 13

Made up of several layers of keratinocytes joined by desmosomes and tight junctions. Dendritic cells are also found in this layer.

Answer 13

Stratum spinosum

Question 14

Three to five layers of flat keratinocytes with cells that contain dark-staining keratohyalin granules-Promotes cellular dehydration and cross-linking of keratin fibers.

Answer 14

Stratum granulosum

Question 15

produced by mitosis in stratum basale or deepest part of stratum spinosum because mitosis requires abundant oxygen and nutrients and depends on the connective tissue layer beneath.

Answer 15

keratinocytes

Question 16

what are the two layers of the dermis

Answer 16

papillary layer
and
reticular layer

Question 17

touch receptor

Answer 17

tactile corpuscle

Question 18

pressure receptor

Answer 18

lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscles

Question 19

Common site of drug injection due to many blood vessels

Answer 19

hypodermis

Question 20

Refers to subcutaneous tissue that is comprised predominantly of adipose tissue

Answer 20

Subcutaneous fat

Question 21

Most significant factor in skin color. Produced by melanocytes,
accumulates in keratinocytes.

Answer 21

melanin

Question 22

what are the two types of pigment

Answer 22

eumelanin and pheomelanin

Question 23

brownish black

Answer 23

eumelanin

Question 24

reddish yellow

Answer 24

pheomelanin

Question 25

Pigment in red blood cells, adds reddish to pinkish hue to skin.

Answer 25

hemoglobin

Question 26

range, yellow and red pigments

Answer 26

carotene

Question 27

accessory organs (appendages) of the skin.

Answer 27

hairs, nails, and cutaneous glands

Question 28

what are the functions of the hair

Answer 28

alert us
keeps warm
retains heat
signify sexual maturity
guard
nonverbal communication

Question 29

Bud of vascular connective tissue encased by bulb

Answer 29

dermal papilla

Question 30

what are the three stages of the hair cycle

Answer 30

anagen
catagen
telogen

Question 31

what are the nail functions

Answer 31

protects
improved grooming
provide counterforce

Question 32

Hard part of the nail.

Answer 32

nail plate

Question 33

Separates nail fold from nail plate

Answer 33

nail groove

Question 34

Skin underlying the nail plate

Answer 34

nail bed

Question 35

Growth zone (mitotic) of thickened
stratum basale at proximal end of nail

Answer 35

nail matrix

Question 36

Epidermis of the nail bed.

Answer 36

hyponychium

Question 37

Opaque white crescent at proximal end of nail due to thickness of matrix.

Answer 37

lunule

Question 38

Narrow zone of dead skin overhanging proximal end of nail.

Answer 38

Eponychium (cuticle)

Question 39

what are the two types of sweat glands

Answer 39

apocrine
eccrine (merocrine)

Question 40

The glands empty their products into ducts that lead to nearby hair follicles. Produce sweat that is milky and contains fatty acids.

Answer 40

Apocrine Sweat Glands

Question 41

contract in response to stimulation by sympathetic nervous system and squeeze perspiration up the duct of eccrine and apocrine glands.

Answer 41

eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands

Question 42

Flask-shaped glands with short ducts that open into hair follicles. Holocrine secretion style.

Answer 42

Sebaceous glands

Question 43

Coiled, simple tubular glands in external ear canal. Modified apocrine glands

Answer 43

Ceruminous glands

Question 44

Yellow, waxy secretion combined with sebum and dead epithelial cells

Answer 44

Cerumen (earwax)

Question 45

Modified apocrine sweat glands that develop only during pregnancy and lactation. Produce milk, nutrient rich secretion through ducts opening at nipple.

Answer 45

mammary glands

Question 46

Repair of Injury to the Integument

Answer 46

Inflammation phase
Migration phase
Proliferation phase
Scarring phase

Question 47

covers palms of hands, soles of feet

Answer 47

thick skin

Question 48

covers rest of the body.

Answer 48

thin skins