OFAs, Retinoids, Nutrition, Steroidogenesis Flashcards
Structurally, what defines and omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid
Omega-3 = double bond between carbons 3-4
Omega-6 = double bond between carbons 6-7
Why are are omega fatty acids considered “essential” fatty acids
Not synthesized by the body
Name 2 omega-6 OFAs
Lineoleic acid
Arachidonic acid
Name 2 omega-3 OFAs
Eicosapentanoic acid (EPA)
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
T or F: Arachidonic acid is essential in cat diets
TRUE.
But dogs can synthesize
T or F: Lineoleic acid is essential in both dog and cat diets True
True
Function of DHA in growing puppies
Develop neurologic tissues
Retinal development
Cognitive function
Are omega-6 or omega-3 FAs more inflammatory?
Omega-6
Arachidonic acid (precursor for prostaglandins, leukotrienes) is an O-6 FA
How do omega-3 FAs offer antiinflammatory effects
EPA, DHA are transformed to resolvins, protectins
Which are antiinflammatory
What are resolvins, protectins
Products of EPA, DHA
Antiinflammatory
Enzyme to convert cholesterol to pregnenolone
Cytochrome p450
Enzyme to convert pregnenolone to 17-hydroxypregnenolone
17-alpha hydroxylase
Necessary to make cortisol, sex hormones
Enzyme to convert 17-hydroxypregenenolone to 17-hydroxyprogesterone
3-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
Trilostane inhibits this
Final product of 17-hydroxyprogesterone
Cortisol
T or F: Retinoids are lipophilic
True
Vitamin A = fat soluble vitamin (KADE)
2 retinoid receptors
-All trans retinoic acid receptor (RAR)
-9-cis retinoic acid receptor (RXR
Which medication interacts with retinoids
Ketoconazole
(Cytochrome p450 meds)
How are retinoids antiproliferative
Induce EGF –> desquamation
How do retinoids help with wound healing
Fibroblast stimulation
TGF
Impact of retinoids on hair cycle
Inhibitor of hair growth
Monitoring for retinoids
STT
Liver values
Increased triglycerides
Pruritus
Why do cats need to ingest arachidonic acid
No delta-6-desaturase
Gene causing Bovine Hereditary Zinc Deficiency
Lethal A46
Gene associated with zinc deficiency in Fleckvieh calves
PLD4
What can inhibit zin absorption in GI tract (2)
Calcium
Phytate
Breed with Zinc deficiency associated with SLC93A4 mutation
Pharoah hounds
Other name for ergocalciferol
Vitamin D2
Other name for cholecalciferol
Vitamin D3
What stimulates production of vitamin D
PTH
What inhibits production of vitamin D
Ca
Phos
What in diet provides Vitamin D2
Plants
Cats do NOT metabolize vitamin D2. Need D3 from meat
What in diet provides vitamin D3
Meats
T or F: dogs and cats can synthesize vitamin D from skin
False. Need from diet.
Humans CAN do this
Vitamin D metabolism pathway
Ingested as Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) or vitamin D 2 (ergocalciferol)
Metabolized (hydroxylated) in liver to 25,hydroxy vitamin D3
Then metabolized in kidney (via 1-alpha hydroxylate) to 1,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calctriol), active form
What causes hypocuprosis in cattle, sheep
Molybdenum poisoning – interferes with absorption of copper
Red discoloration to hair
What causes white muscle disease in farm animals
Deficiency in selenium, vitamin E
Clinical signs = Dyspnea, weakness, tremors, arrhythmias. White streaks in skeletal and cardiac muscle
