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EV ACVD Study > OFAs, Retinoids, Nutrition, Steroidogenesis > Flashcards

OFAs, Retinoids, Nutrition, Steroidogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

Structurally, what defines and omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid

A

Omega-3 = double bond between carbons 3-4

Omega-6 = double bond between carbons 6-7

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2
Q

Why are are omega fatty acids considered “essential” fatty acids

A

Not synthesized by the body

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3
Q

Name 2 omega-6 OFAs

A

Lineoleic acid
Arachidonic acid

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4
Q

Name 2 omega-3 OFAs

A

Eicosapentanoic acid (EPA)
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

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5
Q

T or F: Arachidonic acid is essential in cat diets

A

TRUE.

But dogs can synthesize

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6
Q

T or F: Lineoleic acid is essential in both dog and cat diets True

A

True

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7
Q

Function of DHA in growing puppies

A

Develop neurologic tissues
Retinal development
Cognitive function

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8
Q

Are omega-6 or omega-3 FAs more inflammatory?

A

Omega-6

Arachidonic acid (precursor for prostaglandins, leukotrienes) is an O-6 FA

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9
Q

How do omega-3 FAs offer antiinflammatory effects

A

EPA, DHA are transformed to resolvins, protectins

Which are antiinflammatory

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10
Q

What are resolvins, protectins

A

Products of EPA, DHA

Antiinflammatory

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11
Q

Enzyme to convert cholesterol to pregnenolone

A

Cytochrome p450

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12
Q

Enzyme to convert pregnenolone to 17-hydroxypregnenolone

A

17-alpha hydroxylase

Necessary to make cortisol, sex hormones

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13
Q

Enzyme to convert 17-hydroxypregenenolone to 17-hydroxyprogesterone

A

3-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

Trilostane inhibits this

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14
Q

Final product of 17-hydroxyprogesterone

A

Cortisol

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15
Q

T or F: Retinoids are lipophilic

A

True

Vitamin A = fat soluble vitamin (KADE)

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16
Q

2 retinoid receptors

A

-All trans retinoic acid receptor (RAR)
-9-cis retinoic acid receptor (RXR

17
Q

Which medication interacts with retinoids

A

Ketoconazole
(Cytochrome p450 meds)

18
Q

How are retinoids antiproliferative

A

Induce EGF –> desquamation

19
Q

How do retinoids help with wound healing

A

Fibroblast stimulation
TGF

20
Q

Impact of retinoids on hair cycle

A

Inhibitor of hair growth

21
Q

Monitoring for retinoids

A

STT
Liver values
Increased triglycerides

Pruritus

22
Q

Why do cats need to ingest arachidonic acid

A

No delta-6-desaturase

23
Q

Gene causing Bovine Hereditary Zinc Deficiency

A

Lethal A46

24
Q

Gene associated with zinc deficiency in Fleckvieh calves

A

PLD4

25
Q

What can inhibit zin absorption in GI tract (2)

A

Calcium
Phytate

26
Q

Breed with Zinc deficiency associated with SLC93A4 mutation

A

Pharoah hounds

27
Q

Other name for ergocalciferol

A

Vitamin D2

28
Q

Other name for cholecalciferol

A

Vitamin D3

29
Q

What stimulates production of vitamin D

A

PTH

30
Q

What inhibits production of vitamin D

A

Ca
Phos

31
Q

What in diet provides Vitamin D2

A

Plants

Cats do NOT metabolize vitamin D2. Need D3 from meat

32
Q

What in diet provides vitamin D3

A

Meats

33
Q

T or F: dogs and cats can synthesize vitamin D from skin

A

False. Need from diet.

Humans CAN do this

34
Q

Vitamin D metabolism pathway

A

Ingested as Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) or vitamin D 2 (ergocalciferol)

Metabolized (hydroxylated) in liver to 25,hydroxy vitamin D3

Then metabolized in kidney (via 1-alpha hydroxylate) to 1,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calctriol), active form

35
Q

What causes hypocuprosis in cattle, sheep

A

Molybdenum poisoning – interferes with absorption of copper

Red discoloration to hair

36
Q

What causes white muscle disease in farm animals

A

Deficiency in selenium, vitamin E

Clinical signs = Dyspnea, weakness, tremors, arrhythmias. White streaks in skeletal and cardiac muscle

EV ACVD Study (52 decks)

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