ICADA Genetics, Environmental factors, Allergens

Question 1

Impact of Toxocara canis exposure on risk of cAD

Answer 1

T. canis exposure = protective against cAD

Question 2

What is the most common allergen family for cAD?

Answer 2

House dust mite

Question 3

What are the major Dermatophagoides farinae allergens (4)

Answer 3

*Der f 2
*Der f 15
*Der f 18
*Zen 1

Question 4

What are the major Japanese cedar allergens (2)

Answer 4

*Cry j 1
*Cry j 3

Question 5

What is the major allergen for short ragweed?

Answer 5

Amb q 1

Question 6

How many Malassezia major allergens have been found?

Answer 6

4

Question 7

What is the major allergen for fleas?

Answer 7

*Cte f 1

Question 8

What are the 5 major allergen groups for dogs with cAD?

Answer 8

*Dermatophagoides farinae
*Japanese cedar
*Short ragweed
*Malassezia
*Flea

Question 9

Which mold allergen is most common?

Answer 9

Geographic differences

Question 10

T or F: A positive IDST for D. farinae can be seen in healthy animals

Answer 10

True.

Concern for false positives, caution with IDST interpretation

Question 11

What are the names of the 2 major storage mites species?

Answer 11

*Tyrophagus putrescentiae
*Acarus siro

Question 12

There is cross-reactivity between house dust mites, storage mites, and ______

Answer 12

Sarcoptes mites!

Possible reason for false + to HDM on skin tests in dogs with cAD, but who have had ectoparasites!

Question 13

When is the best time to pursue serum allergy testing? More positive results?

Answer 13

Summer/fall

Question 14

When are dogs most likely to be + for Alternaria on allergen testing?

Answer 14

Summer/fall

Seasonal

Question 15

Define a “major allergen””

Answer 15

If >50% of animals who are allergic to the crude extract are also + to that specific isotope

Question 16

Which breeds are predisposed to allergies worldwide?

Answer 16

*Boxer
*Bulldog
*Labrador retriever
*Pug
*WHWT

Question 17

Which subset of dogs has a fliaggrin (FLG) mutation causing their cAD?

Answer 17

Labrador retrievers in UK

Question 18

Which genes are associated with cAD in golden retreivers?

Answer 18

*Prominin 1
*Ras-related protein Rab-3c

Question 19

Which breed has cAD 2’ PROM1 and RAB3C mutations?

Answer 19

Golden retriever

Question 20

Which genes are associated with cAD in GSD?

Answer 20

Plakophilin 2 (PKP2)

Question 21

Which breed has cAD 2’ PKP2 mutations?

Answer 21

GSD

Question 22

Which genes are associated with cAD in WHWT?

Answer 22

*F2R (thrombin receptor), part of PAR family, important for desquamation
*PTPN22 (Tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22, suppresses B and T cell receptor signaling)

Question 23

Which breed has cAD 2’ F2R and PTPN22 mutations?

Answer 23

WHWT

Question 24

Which gene mutation has been associated with a DECREASED risk of cAD in Mini Dachshunds?

Answer 24

IL-4R

Results in reduced IL-4 +/- IL-13 signaling

Question 25

Which breed has a mutation in IL-4R that has a DECREASED risk of cAD?

Answer 25

Mini Dachshunds

Question 26

How are miRNAs different in cAD vs healthy skin

Answer 26

cAD dogs have increased miRNA

Question 27

Are miRNA increases specific to cAD?

Answer 27

No Also can be elevated in non-allergic inflammatory diseases

Question 28

Which miRNAs are decreased in cAD skin? (5)

Answer 28

1) miR-215 (IL-17 inflam suppression) 2) miR-141 (skin barrier) 3) miR-200a (skin barrier) 4) miR-429 (skin barrier) 5) miR-187 (decreased TGFb)

Question 29

Which miRNA is increased in cAD serum?

Answer 29

miR-203

Question 30

Is Phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) increased or decreased in serum mononuclear cells of cAD?

Answer 30

Increased

Question 31

Function of PDE4D increase in cAD skin

Answer 31

Degrades cAMP to regulate proinflammatory activities

Question 32

3 protein biomarkers of cAD

Answer 32

1) Protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 (PIS1) 2) RAR-related orphan receptor (RORA) -> decrease IL-10 3) SH2B adaptor protein 1 (SH2B1)

Question 33

Protective environmental factors against cAD (9)

Answer 33

* Born in current household * Rural environment * Farming effect * High fiber diet * Food diversity * Non-processed, meat-based diets * Early contact with siblings * Multi-animal household * Walking in forests, fields, beaches

Question 34

How can outdoor access help prevent cAD?

Answer 34

Exposure to LPS and fungal organisms -- adjusts innate immunity focus

Question 35

Which TLR does Staphylococcus cell wall lipopeptide bind do

Answer 35

TLR2

Question 36

T or F: When TLR2 is bound by a gram + Staphylococcus, keratinocytes release TSLP --> cause Th2 reaction

Answer 36

True

Question 37

T ro F: Dogs with cAD have a higher risk of Malassezia hypersensitivity than the general population

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Which intestinal parasite is protective for cAD?

Answer 38

Toxocara canis Dogs with high T canis IgE had less cAD!

Question 39

Toxocara canis can be protective for which environmental allergen

Answer 39

Dermatophagoides farinae (Dogs with D farinae cAD that HAD CONCURRENT T canis had a lower SCORFAD and less pruritus)

Question 40

House dust mite Group 1 allergens are ________

Answer 40

Cysteine proteases

Question 41

House dust mite Group 3, 6, 9 allergens are ______

Answer 41

Serine proteases

Question 42

House dust mite Group 2, 7 allergens acton _______

Answer 42

TLRs

Question 43

What cytokine do D farinae group 3, 6, 9 allergens upregulate?

Answer 43

IL-33 (from keratinocytes via PAR2) Leads to increased cAD