ICADA Genetics, Environmental factors, Allergens Flashcards
Impact of Toxocara canis exposure on risk of cAD
T. canis exposure = protective against cAD
What is the most common allergen family for cAD?
House dust mite
What are the major Dermatophagoides farinae allergens (4)
*Der f 2
*Der f 15
*Der f 18
*Zen 1
What are the major Japanese cedar allergens (2)
*Cry j 1
*Cry j 3
What is the major allergen for short ragweed?
Amb q 1
How many Malassezia major allergens have been found?
4
What is the major allergen for fleas?
*Cte f 1
What are the 5 major allergen groups for dogs with cAD?
*Dermatophagoides farinae
*Japanese cedar
*Short ragweed
*Malassezia
*Flea
Which mold allergen is most common?
Geographic differences
T or F: A positive IDST for D. farinae can be seen in healthy animals
True.
Concern for false positives, caution with IDST interpretation
What are the names of the 2 major storage mites species?
*Tyrophagus putrescentiae
*Acarus siro
There is cross-reactivity between house dust mites, storage mites, and ______
Sarcoptes mites!
Possible reason for false + to HDM on skin tests in dogs with cAD, but who have had ectoparasites!
When is the best time to pursue serum allergy testing? More positive results?
Summer/fall
When are dogs most likely to be + for Alternaria on allergen testing?
Summer/fall
Seasonal
Define a “major allergen””
If >50% of animals who are allergic to the crude extract are also + to that specific isotope
Which breeds are predisposed to allergies worldwide?
*Boxer
*Bulldog
*Labrador retriever
*Pug
*WHWT
Which subset of dogs has a fliaggrin (FLG) mutation causing their cAD?
Labrador retrievers in UK
Which genes are associated with cAD in golden retreivers?
*Prominin 1
*Ras-related protein Rab-3c
Which breed has cAD 2’ PROM1 and RAB3C mutations?
Golden retriever
Which genes are associated with cAD in GSD?
Plakophilin 2 (PKP2)
Which breed has cAD 2’ PKP2 mutations?
GSD
Which genes are associated with cAD in WHWT?
*F2R (thrombin receptor), part of PAR family, important for desquamation
*PTPN22 (Tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22, suppresses B and T cell receptor signaling)
Which breed has cAD 2’ F2R and PTPN22 mutations?
WHWT
Which gene mutation has been associated with a DECREASED risk of cAD in Mini Dachshunds?
IL-4R
Results in reduced IL-4 +/- IL-13 signaling
Which breed has a mutation in IL-4R that has a DECREASED risk of cAD?
Mini Dachshunds
How are miRNAs different in cAD vs healthy skin
cAD dogs have increased miRNA
Are miRNA increases specific to cAD?
No
Also can be elevated in non-allergic inflammatory diseases
Which miRNAs are decreased in cAD skin? (5)
1) miR-215 (IL-17 inflam suppression)
2) miR-141 (skin barrier)
3) miR-200a (skin barrier)
4) miR-429 (skin barrier)
5) miR-187 (decreased TGFb)
Which miRNA is increased in cAD serum?
miR-203
Is Phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) increased or decreased in serum mononuclear cells of cAD?
Increased
Function of PDE4D increase in cAD skin
Degrades cAMP to regulate proinflammatory activities
3 protein biomarkers of cAD
1) Protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 (PIS1)
2) RAR-related orphan receptor (RORA) -> decrease IL-10
3) SH2B adaptor protein 1 (SH2B1)
Protective environmental factors against cAD (9)
- Born in current household
- Rural environment
- Farming effect
- High fiber diet
- Food diversity
- Non-processed, meat-based diets
- Early contact with siblings
- Multi-animal household
- Walking in forests, fields, beaches
How can outdoor access help prevent cAD?
Exposure to LPS and fungal organisms – adjusts innate immunity focus
Which TLR does Staphylococcus cell wall lipopeptide bind do
TLR2
T or F: When TLR2 is bound by a gram + Staphylococcus, keratinocytes release TSLP –> cause Th2 reaction
True
T ro F: Dogs with cAD have a higher risk of Malassezia hypersensitivity than the general population
True
Which intestinal parasite is protective for cAD?
Toxocara canis
Dogs with high T canis IgE had less cAD!
Toxocara canis can be protective for which environmental allergen
Dermatophagoides farinae
(Dogs with D farinae cAD that HAD CONCURRENT T canis had a lower SCORFAD and less pruritus)
House dust mite Group 1 allergens are ________
Cysteine proteases
House dust mite Group 3, 6, 9 allergens are ______
Serine proteases
House dust mite Group 2, 7 allergens acton _______
TLRs
What cytokine do D farinae group 3, 6, 9 allergens upregulate?
IL-33 (from keratinocytes via PAR2)
Leads to increased cAD
