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EV ACVD Study > ICADA Genetics, Environmental factors, Allergens > Flashcards

ICADA Genetics, Environmental factors, Allergens Flashcards

1
Q

Impact of Toxocara canis exposure on risk of cAD

A

T. canis exposure = protective against cAD

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2
Q

What is the most common allergen family for cAD?

A

House dust mite

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3
Q

What are the major Dermatophagoides farinae allergens (4)

A

*Der f 2
*Der f 15
*Der f 18
*Zen 1

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4
Q

What are the major Japanese cedar allergens (2)

A

*Cry j 1
*Cry j 3

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5
Q

What is the major allergen for short ragweed?

A

Amb q 1

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6
Q

How many Malassezia major allergens have been found?

A

4

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7
Q

What is the major allergen for fleas?

A

*Cte f 1

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8
Q

What are the 5 major allergen groups for dogs with cAD?

A

*Dermatophagoides farinae
*Japanese cedar
*Short ragweed
*Malassezia
*Flea

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9
Q

Which mold allergen is most common?

A

Geographic differences

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10
Q

T or F: A positive IDST for D. farinae can be seen in healthy animals

A

True.

Concern for false positives, caution with IDST interpretation

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11
Q

What are the names of the 2 major storage mites species?

A

*Tyrophagus putrescentiae
*Acarus siro

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12
Q

There is cross-reactivity between house dust mites, storage mites, and ______

A

Sarcoptes mites!

Possible reason for false + to HDM on skin tests in dogs with cAD, but who have had ectoparasites!

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13
Q

When is the best time to pursue serum allergy testing? More positive results?

A

Summer/fall

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14
Q

When are dogs most likely to be + for Alternaria on allergen testing?

A

Summer/fall

Seasonal

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15
Q

Define a “major allergen””

A

If >50% of animals who are allergic to the crude extract are also + to that specific isotope

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16
Q

Which breeds are predisposed to allergies worldwide?

A

*Boxer
*Bulldog
*Labrador retriever
*Pug
*WHWT

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17
Q

Which subset of dogs has a fliaggrin (FLG) mutation causing their cAD?

A

Labrador retrievers in UK

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18
Q

Which genes are associated with cAD in golden retreivers?

A

*Prominin 1
*Ras-related protein Rab-3c

19
Q

Which breed has cAD 2’ PROM1 and RAB3C mutations?

A

Golden retriever

20
Q

Which genes are associated with cAD in GSD?

A

Plakophilin 2 (PKP2)

21
Q

Which breed has cAD 2’ PKP2 mutations?

A

GSD

22
Q

Which genes are associated with cAD in WHWT?

A

*F2R (thrombin receptor), part of PAR family, important for desquamation
*PTPN22 (Tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22, suppresses B and T cell receptor signaling)

23
Q

Which breed has cAD 2’ F2R and PTPN22 mutations?

A

WHWT

24
Q

Which gene mutation has been associated with a DECREASED risk of cAD in Mini Dachshunds?

A

IL-4R

Results in reduced IL-4 +/- IL-13 signaling

25
Q

Which breed has a mutation in IL-4R that has a DECREASED risk of cAD?

A

Mini Dachshunds

26
Q

How are miRNAs different in cAD vs healthy skin

A

cAD dogs have increased miRNA

27
Q

Are miRNA increases specific to cAD?

A

No

Also can be elevated in non-allergic inflammatory diseases

28
Q

Which miRNAs are decreased in cAD skin? (5)

A

1) miR-215 (IL-17 inflam suppression)
2) miR-141 (skin barrier)
3) miR-200a (skin barrier)
4) miR-429 (skin barrier)
5) miR-187 (decreased TGFb)

29
Q

Which miRNA is increased in cAD serum?

A

miR-203

30
Q

Is Phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) increased or decreased in serum mononuclear cells of cAD?

A

Increased

31
Q

Function of PDE4D increase in cAD skin

A

Degrades cAMP to regulate proinflammatory activities

32
Q

3 protein biomarkers of cAD

A

1) Protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 (PIS1)
2) RAR-related orphan receptor (RORA) -> decrease IL-10
3) SH2B adaptor protein 1 (SH2B1)

33
Q

Protective environmental factors against cAD (9)

A
  • Born in current household
  • Rural environment
  • Farming effect
  • High fiber diet
  • Food diversity
  • Non-processed, meat-based diets
  • Early contact with siblings
  • Multi-animal household
  • Walking in forests, fields, beaches
34
Q

How can outdoor access help prevent cAD?

A

Exposure to LPS and fungal organisms – adjusts innate immunity focus

35
Q

Which TLR does Staphylococcus cell wall lipopeptide bind do

A

TLR2

36
Q

T or F: When TLR2 is bound by a gram + Staphylococcus, keratinocytes release TSLP –> cause Th2 reaction

A

True

37
Q

T ro F: Dogs with cAD have a higher risk of Malassezia hypersensitivity than the general population

A

True

38
Q

Which intestinal parasite is protective for cAD?

A

Toxocara canis

Dogs with high T canis IgE had less cAD!

39
Q

Toxocara canis can be protective for which environmental allergen

A

Dermatophagoides farinae

(Dogs with D farinae cAD that HAD CONCURRENT T canis had a lower SCORFAD and less pruritus)

40
Q

House dust mite Group 1 allergens are ________

A

Cysteine proteases

41
Q

House dust mite Group 3, 6, 9 allergens are ______

A

Serine proteases

42
Q

House dust mite Group 2, 7 allergens acton _______

A

TLRs

43
Q

What cytokine do D farinae group 3, 6, 9 allergens upregulate?

A

IL-33 (from keratinocytes via PAR2)

Leads to increased cAD

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