ICADA Immunology Flashcards
Which type of T cell is located in the dermis?
αβ T cells
CD4+ > CD8+
Which type of T cell is located in the epidermis?
γδ T cells > αβ T cells
CD8+ > CD4+
Which type of T cells are present in increased number in lesional cAD skin?
CD4+ and CD8+ T cells
Which type of T cell is in increased number in nonlesional cAD skin?
CD8+ T cells
(not CD4+)
Which receptor do T cells have to recruit them to atopic skin?
CCR4
What chemokine helps recruit T cells to atopic skin?
TARC (thymus and activation regulated chemokine)
What cell makes TARC; upregulates it in cAD skin?
Keratinocytes
Are CD4+ or CD8+ T cells increased more in cAD?
CD4+ T cells
Are CD25+ CD4+ T cells increased or decreased in cAD dogs?
Increased
BUT CD25 is both on activated and Tregs, so confusing
T or F: HIGH levels of CD25 correspond to increased Treg
TRUE
Increased FOXP3 expression
T or F: CD25 can be used as a Treg biomarker
FALSE
Also present on activated T cells. But high levels are suggestive of Treg (with 2’ FOXP3 upregulation)
Which signals are associated with Treg?
-IL-10
-TGFβ
-FOXP3
TSLP causes activation of which cells?
Dendritic cells
Mast cells
Which TLRs induce production of TSLP by keratinocytes?
TLR3
TLR4
(NOT TLR2, TLR7)
Is IL-31 upregulated in non-allergic inflammatory conditions?
No
What are the 2 types of T cells IL-10 can interact with
Th2
Treg
List the Th2 cytokines, chemokines (10)
1) IL-4
2) TSLP
3) IL-31
4) IL-13
5) IL-5
6) MCP1
7) RANTES
8) MCP3
9) TARC
10) IL-10
While Th2 is crucial for sensitization and acute allergy, which T cell type may be more involved in chronic disease
Th1
(Actually Th17, Th22 per Fadock)
What is the role of Th17
Mucosal immunity
Autoimmune disease
IL-23 expression induces Th17
Th1 cytokines
IFNγ
IL-12
Treg cytokines
IL-10
FOXP3
TGFβ
Does IL-10 levels increase or decrease with successful immunotherapy
Increase
Along with CD4+/FOXP3+ T cells
IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, TNFa, IL-8 and IL-18 are elevated in cAD and non-atopic inflammation. T or F: these cytokines mediate nonspecific inflammation
True
Is CCL28 increased or decreased in atopic skin
INCREASED –> chemotactic
for resting CD4+, CD8+ cells & eosinophils
T or F: Both lesional and nonlesional atopic
skin express CCL4, CCL19, CCL20,
CCL21 and CCL24
True
Role of CCL19
Also called MIP-3β= Macrophage inhibitory protein 3b
Chemotactic for dendritic cells and lymphocytes
Role of calcium-binding protein S100A8
Chemotactic for neutrophils
Which genes are on the epidermal differentiation complex
S100A
Profilaggrin
Loricrin
Involucrin
Which biomarker correlates with CADESI score
S100A8
Which chromosome contains the epidermal differentiation complex, including S100A8
Chromosome 7
Other proteins upregulated in cAD skin?
- SERPINB4/SCCA2
- serum amyloid A (SAA)
- tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1)
- serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 5 (SPINK5)
may be general inflammation; not specific to allergic inflamm
Which protein is implicated in tumor metastasis
SERPINB4
GOLGA4 subfamily
Genes involved in ceramide transport to the cell surface
Upregulated in atopic skin (lesional, nonlesional) compared to normal skin
S100A8, SAA, SERPINB4/SCCA2 and TIMP1
Genes upregulated in LESIONAL cAD skin relative to healthy skin
Function of S100A8
Proinflammatory. Neutrophil chemotaxis
Function of SAA
Lipoprotein in acute phase responese
Function of SERPINB4
Serine protease inhibitor
Function of SPINK5
Serine protease inhibitor, involved in hair/epidermis development
Function of TIMP1
MMP inhibition, limits wound healing/remodeling
Function of IL-1b
Proinflammatory, acute phase protein response
Function of IL-2
Th1. T cell proliferation
Function of IL-4
Th2. Stimulates IgE production
(INCREASED in cAD skin.
DECREASED in cAD blood.)
Function of IL-5
Th2. Eosinophil recruitment
(INCREASED in both cAD skin and blood)
Function of IL-6
General proinflammatory. Acute phase response. Lymphocyte proliferation
Function of IL-10
Treg. Suppressive
Function of IL-12
Turn naive T cells to Th1 cells
Function of IL-13
Th2. Stimulate IgE production (like IL-4)
(INCREASED in both cAD skin and blood)
Function of IFNg
Th1. Activates macrophages. Suppresses Th2
(INCREASED cAD skin.
DECREASED cAD blood)
Function of TNFalpha
General proinflammatory. Recruits WBC
TSLP
Th2. Induces more Th2 cytokines from dendritic cells
Function of TGFbeta
Treg. Immunosuppressive
(DECREASED in cAD skin)
Function of CCL19
Chemotactic for DC, lymphocytes
Function of CCL28
Chemotactic for resting lymphocytes, eosinophils
Function of CCR4
Receptor for TARC, MDC, MCP
(INCREASED in both cAD skin and blood)
Function of TARC
Chemotactic for T cells.
Biomarker for cAD
Function of MCP1, MCP 3
Chemotactic for monocytes, basophils, eosinophils
Function of MCP2
Chemotactic for Th2 cells
Function of CCL27
Chemotactic for memory T cells (DECREASED in cAD skin)
