ICADA Immunology Flashcards by Elana Vlodaver

Which type of T cell is located in the dermis?

αβ T cells

CD4+ > CD8+

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Which type of T cell is located in the epidermis?

γδ T cells > αβ T cells

CD8+ > CD4+

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Which type of T cells are present in increased number in lesional cAD skin?

CD4+ and CD8+ T cells

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Which type of T cell is in increased number in nonlesional cAD skin?

CD8+ T cells

(not CD4+)

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Which receptor do T cells have to recruit them to atopic skin?

CCR4

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What chemokine helps recruit T cells to atopic skin?

TARC (thymus and activation regulated chemokine)

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What cell makes TARC; upregulates it in cAD skin?

Keratinocytes

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Are CD4+ or CD8+ T cells increased more in cAD?

CD4+ T cells

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Are CD25+ CD4+ T cells increased or decreased in cAD dogs?

Increased

BUT CD25 is both on activated and Tregs, so confusing

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T or F: HIGH levels of CD25 correspond to increased Treg

TRUE

Increased FOXP3 expression

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T or F: CD25 can be used as a Treg biomarker

FALSE

Also present on activated T cells. But high levels are suggestive of Treg (with 2’ FOXP3 upregulation)

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Which signals are associated with Treg?

-IL-10
-TGFβ
-FOXP3

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TSLP causes activation of which cells?

Dendritic cells
Mast cells

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Which TLRs induce production of TSLP by keratinocytes?

TLR3
TLR4

(NOT TLR2, TLR7)

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Is IL-31 upregulated in non-allergic inflammatory conditions?

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What are the 2 types of T cells IL-10 can interact with

Th2
Treg

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List the Th2 cytokines, chemokines (10)

1) IL-4
2) TSLP
3) IL-31
4) IL-13
5) IL-5
6) MCP1
7) RANTES
8) MCP3
9) TARC
10) IL-10

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While Th2 is crucial for sensitization and acute allergy, which T cell type may be more involved in chronic disease

Th1

(Actually Th17, Th22 per Fadock)

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What is the role of Th17

Mucosal immunity
Autoimmune disease

IL-23 expression induces Th17

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Th1 cytokines

IFNγ
IL-12

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Treg cytokines

IL-10
FOXP3
TGFβ

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Does IL-10 levels increase or decrease with successful immunotherapy

Increase

Along with CD4+/FOXP3+ T cells

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IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, TNFa, IL-8 and IL-18 are elevated in cAD and non-atopic inflammation. T or F: these cytokines mediate nonspecific inflammation

True

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Is CCL28 increased or decreased in atopic skin

INCREASED –> chemotactic
for resting CD4+, CD8+ cells & eosinophils

T or F: Both lesional and nonlesional atopic skin express CCL4, CCL19, CCL20, CCL21 and CCL24

True

Role of CCL19

Also called MIP-3β= Macrophage inhibitory protein 3b Chemotactic for dendritic cells and lymphocytes

Role of calcium-binding protein S100A8

Chemotactic for neutrophils

Which genes are on the epidermal differentiation complex

S100A Profilaggrin Loricrin Involucrin

Which biomarker correlates with CADESI score

S100A8

Which chromosome contains the epidermal differentiation complex, including S100A8

Chromosome 7

Other proteins upregulated in cAD skin?

* SERPINB4/SCCA2 * serum amyloid A (SAA) * tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1) * serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 5 (SPINK5) may be general inflammation; not specific to allergic inflamm

Which protein is implicated in tumor metastasis

SERPINB4

GOLGA4 subfamily

Genes involved in ceramide transport to the cell surface Upregulated in atopic skin (lesional, nonlesional) compared to normal skin

S100A8, SAA, SERPINB4/SCCA2 and TIMP1

Genes upregulated in LESIONAL cAD skin relative to healthy skin

Function of S100A8

Proinflammatory. Neutrophil chemotaxis

Function of SAA

Lipoprotein in acute phase responese

Function of SERPINB4

Serine protease inhibitor

Function of SPINK5

Serine protease inhibitor, involved in hair/epidermis development

Function of TIMP1

MMP inhibition, limits wound healing/remodeling

Function of IL-1b

Proinflammatory, acute phase protein response

Function of IL-2

Th1. T cell proliferation

Function of IL-4

Th2. Stimulates IgE production (INCREASED in cAD skin. DECREASED in cAD blood.)

Function of IL-5

Th2. Eosinophil recruitment (INCREASED in both cAD skin and blood)

Function of IL-6

General proinflammatory. Acute phase response. Lymphocyte proliferation

Function of IL-10

Treg. Suppressive

Function of IL-12

Turn naive T cells to Th1 cells

Function of IL-13

Th2. Stimulate IgE production (like IL-4) (INCREASED in both cAD skin and blood)

Function of IFNg

Th1. Activates macrophages. Suppresses Th2 (INCREASED cAD skin. DECREASED cAD blood)

Function of TNFalpha

General proinflammatory. Recruits WBC

TSLP

Th2. Induces more Th2 cytokines from dendritic cells

Function of TGFbeta

Treg. Immunosuppressive (DECREASED in cAD skin)

Function of CCL19

Chemotactic for DC, lymphocytes

Function of CCL28

Chemotactic for resting lymphocytes, eosinophils

Function of CCR4

Receptor for TARC, MDC, MCP (INCREASED in both cAD skin and blood)

Function of TARC

Chemotactic for T cells. Biomarker for cAD

Function of MCP1, MCP 3

Chemotactic for monocytes, basophils, eosinophils

Function of MCP2

Chemotactic for Th2 cells

Function of CCL27

Chemotactic for memory T cells (DECREASED in cAD skin)