Claw/Hoof Flashcards
Breeds predisposed to subungual SCC
Giant Schnauzer
Gordon Setter
Briard
Kerry Blue Terrier
Rottweiler
Poodle
Amount nails grow per week
0.7-2mm
Damage to ___ part of nail would result in permanent onychodystrophy
It is responsible for making most of the stratum externum and stratum medium
Principle Germinative Region
Where are rete ridges present/prominent in dogs?
Foot pad
Nasal Planum
Scrotum
Where is the stratum lucidum present?
Foot pads
What comprises the stratum lucidum?
Eleidin (hyaline-like refractile keratin layer)
Which side of the nail grows faster?
Dorsal, allows for curve of nail
Most common tumors in cat claws
1) SCC
2) Fibrosarcoma
3) Adenocarcinoma
Most common tumors in dog claws
1) SCC
2) Melanoma
3) Osteosarcoma
4) STS
5) MCT
Breed with special version of symmetric onychodystrophy
Norwegian, English, Gordon Setters
Flare in summer (more activity and trauma?)
Function of stratum externum on hoof
Moisture balance
Thin layer on outside, mostly worn off
Function of stratum medium on hoof
Shock dispersion
Bulk of wall
Pigmented
Function of stratum internum on hoof
Contain laminae in refolded pattern to interdigitate with laminae of corium
Which layer of the hoof fails with laminitis?
Stratum internum (interdigitating with lamella of corium)
What is a bad prognostic factor for laminitis on radiographs?
More distal displacement of P3
What are the 3 phases of laminitis?
Developmental: time between injury and clinical signs
Acute: clinical signs present w/no radiographic evidence
Chronic: radiographs show collapse of foot
3 forms of laminitis
1) Endocrinopathic (MOST COMMON)
-PPID
-Iatrogenic glucocorticoids
2) Sepsis (endotoxins– diarrhea, high carb diet)
3) Supporting limb lameness
Hoof macroanatomy (sole, frog, white line, coronary band, hoof wall)
Hoof microanatomy (stratum externa, medium, internum, coreum)
Claw macroanatomy (ungual crest, clawfold, dermis, ungual process, sole, claw plate, coronary band, digital pad)
Nail microanatomy (hyponichium, nail matrix, germinal matrix)
Gross changes as hoof becomes more laminitic
Treatment laminitis
Treat underlying cause (d/c steroids if iatrogenic)
Antibiotics
NSAIDs (banamine is anti-endotoxic)
Blood flow tx- pentoxifylline, acepromazine
Hoof care (supportive shoeing)
Husbandry (bedding
Surgery
Hoof with most weight bearing in ruminants (lateral vs medial)
Lateral
Difference between hoof laminae in horses and ruminants
Ruminants only have primary laminae
(horses have primary and secondary laminae)
Difference in pig feet
Presence of accessory digits – nonweight bearing
Animals with antlers
Cervids
Animals with horns
Bovids