CLE (ECVD videos) Flashcards
Which breeds develop VCLE
*Shelties
*Rough Collies
*Border collies
Which body regions develop VCLE
*Sparsely haired skin (ventral abdomen, medial thighs, flanks)
*Mucocutaneous junctions, less (lipfolds, periocular, anus)
Histopath pattern for VCLE
*Lymphocyte-rich interface dermatitis with keratinocyte vacuolation
*Confluent. vacuolation leading to intrabasal vesiculation
Lymphocytes kill keratinocytes via 1) apoptosis or 2) cell lysis and necrosis, which leads to hydropic degeneration, which leads to vacuolation
Chronicity of VCLE (acute, subacute, chronic)
Subacute
(all other forms of CLE are chronic. No acute CLE in dogs)
Which T cells are present in VCLE
CD4 and CD8
Clinical signs of canine juvenile dermatomyositis
*Scarring alopecia w/ depigmentation and focal ulcers
*Facial predominant, ear tips, tail tips, joints
NOT THE SAME AS VCLE, just the same breeds!
*Interface dermatitis but CELL POOR
*ISCHEMIC FOLLICULAR ATROPHY
Factor that can aggravate VCLE
UV light
Flares during summer, sunshine
Where is IgG deposited in VCLE?
*Epidermal BMZ
*Vessel BMZ (possible vasculitic component)
*Intracytoplasmic basal cell (because IgG is attacking a part of basal cell, cytotoxic T cells also attack this antigen on basal keratinocyte –> induce vesiculation)
What percent of dogs with VCLE have positive IgG against ANA in their skin?
0%
Cannot find ANA
What are the targets of IgG in VCLE on basal keratinocytes
Different nuclear antigens:
*SSA, SSB (also SLE in humans!)
Also
*Sm/RNP
*Jo1
*Scl70
*Sm
Treatment for VCLE
BEST DRUG = CYCLOSPORINE (active on T cells!, which attack basal keratinocytes)
*Sun avoidance
*+/- Glucocorticoids tapered for 1 month
*+/- azathioprine if still unresponsive
PENTOXI IS NOT ENOUGH, because not related to dermatomyositis
Prognosis VCLE
Complete remission in 100% with cyclosporine +/- GC
CR within 2 months in 73%
T or F: Most dogs need GC in addition to cyclosporine to keep their VCLE in remission
FALSE. 100% of dogs could be on cyclosporine alone to maintain remission of VCLE
Which disease causes macular and figurate erythema with superficial sloughing and erosions on lightly-haired body regions?
VCLE
What is the lupus band test?
Positive IgG +/- complement against epidermal BMZ, vessel BMZ, and basal keratinocytes
Which nuclear antigens are IgG targeting in VCLE
*Ro-SSA/SSB
*Other nuclear antibodies too
Which version of canine CLE is most similar to human SCLE
VCLE is a close homologue of human (vesicular) SCLE
Breeds ECLE
*German shorthaired pointers
*Vizsla
Chronicity of ECLE (acute, subacute, chronic)
Chronic
(VCLE is only subacute form; all others are chronic)
Sex overrepresented for ECLE
Females (2.1:1)
Age for ECLE
Young! 10 month median
Lesion distribution ECLE
Start on head, move to the back
Muzzle, pinnae, head –> dorsum
Lesion type ECLE
Erythema, scaling (follicular casts), alopecia
Mode of inheritance of ECLE
Autosomal recessive
Gene associated with ECLE
UNC93B1 on chromosome 18
Function of UNC93B1
Function: Chaperone/Repressor for many TLRs
With ECLE mutation: Continuous activation of TLRs by self and exogenous nucleic acids!
Hyperactivation of innate immune system –> IFN –> autoimmunity
When syntenin-1 is bound to UNC93B1, what is the state of Myd88?
Myd88 is inactive when syntenin-1 is bound (from UNC93B1)
When syntenin-1 is ABSENT from UNC93B1, what is the state of Myd88?
Persistent activation of Myd88 –> hyperactive innate immune system. Self activation of TLR7/Myd88 –> autoimmunity
Which signaling pathways are increased in ECLE? (3)
*JAK-STAT
*Interferon signaling
*Innate immune response
Why does Apoquel work for ECLE?
Because increased JAK-STAT pathway signaling in ECLE
T or F: Sebaceous adenitis in vizsla may actually be a manifestation of ECLE
True
Erythema, alopecia, scale, follicular casts
What are the concurrent systemic signs seen in ECLE? (6)
*Thrombocytopenia
*Pain/lameness
*Hunch back
*Infections
*Infertility
*Lymphadenopathy
Which cells are targeted by T cells in ECLE
*Basal keratinocytes
*Sebaceous glands
Which form of CLE has an associated sebaceous adenitis
ECLE