Nutrition for life stages (part 2)

Question 1

Phase feeding is used to match the

Answer 1

weight and age of the pig

Question 2

Most operations use a _____________ program however it can vary from 3-6

Answer 2

4 phase

**small batches
**quicker turnover

Question 3

as a pig becomes heavier or older at weaning, the amount of the most complex diets fed after weaned can be _____________

Answer 3

reduced

Question 4

what is the most expensive phase

Answer 4

phase 1

Question 5

phase 1 diet is from __________ to ___________ pounds

Answer 5

weaning to 11 pounds

Question 6

The high _________________ required in the phase 1 diet necessitates multiple protein sources to meet the young pig’s _________________

Answer 6

amino acid
nutritional requirements

Question 7

what are some protein sources used in combination to meet the amino acid requirements and stimulate feed intake includes:

Answer 7

spray dried plasma protein
fish meal
dried whey protein concentrate
spray dried blood meal
poultry meal

Question 8

what two proteins used have high lysine but low methionine and isoleucine

Answer 8

spray dried blood meal
spray dried plasma protein

Question 9

phase 1 diets normally contains how much lactose

Answer 9

20-25%

Question 10

in phase 1 what is the most common source of lactose

Answer 10

high quality edible-grade dried whey

Question 11

growth promoting levels of ____________ of often added to phase 1 diets

Answer 11

zinc

Question 12

when zinc oxide is used for growth promotion, ____________ may provide additive benefit

Answer 12

copper

Question 13

what does:
zinc oxide do
copper sulfate do

Answer 13

zinc oxide: increase growth
prevent E.coli
copper sulfate: increase growth

**normally just add one, NOT both

Question 14

phase 2 diet is from _________ to ________ pounds

Answer 14

11 to 15

Question 15

phase 2 is a natural extension of phase 1 diets, and may contain many of the same ingredients. However the __________________ is decreased

Answer 15

complexity of the diet

Question 16

phase 2 generally contains less specialty ingredients such as

Answer 16

spray dried plasma meal

Question 17

in phase 2 what serves as protein sources

Answer 17

fish meal
poultry meal
spray dried blood meal

Question 18

because pigs are adjusting to soybean meal during phase 1, phase 2 contain

Answer 18

higher levels of soybean meal, up to 20%

Question 19

because pigs are adjusting to soybean meal during phase 1, phase 2 contain

Answer 19

higher levels of soybean meal, up to 20%

Question 20

T/F the lactose level in phase 2 diet is also increased compared to phase 1

Answer 20

false, its decreased

contains 15-20% lactose for optimal pig performance

Question 21

T/F zinc oxide/ copper sulfate should be maintained in phase 2 for growth promotions

Answer 21

true

Question 22

phase 3 is _________ to __________ pounds

Answer 22

15 to 25 pounds

Question 23

phase 4 is _________ to _________ pounds

Answer 23

24-45 pounds

Question 24

phase 3 diet is a ______________-based diet with dried _______________ and spray-dried blood, poultry meal, or fish meal serving as specialty ingredients

Answer 24

corn-soybean
whey

** will repeat protein from phase 2
**stop the growth promoter

Question 25

the phase 4 diet is a simple ________________ diet

Answer 25

grain-soybean meal

Question 26

what phase is the cheapest in the nursery feeding program

Answer 26

phase 4

Question 27

in phase 4: pigs at this weight will start to respond to _______ in the diet. Phase 4 diets have up to approx ______%

Answer 27

fat 3

Question 28

what kind of fat is used in phase 4

Answer 28

high quality fat= oil soybean oil coconut oil corn oil

Question 29

what are the three goals in a nursery feeding program

Answer 29

1. match dietary nutrient levels and ingredients with weight and age of nursery pig 2. maximize feed intake (make sure palatable) 3. adjust pig to a lower cost diet as quickly as possible after weaning to reduce total feed cost (slowly shift to SBM, cant do blood meal)

Question 30

age of weaning decreases, the cost of diet

Answer 30

increases

Question 31

the newly weaned pig has a high capacity for protein deposition in relation to the level of ______________

Answer 31

feed intake

Question 32

post-weaning diets must be formulated with high levels of digestable _____________________

Answer 32

amino acids

Question 33

since feed intake is limited for nursery pigs, highly digestable ______________ is advantageous to stimulate feed intake and supply _____________________-

Answer 33

carbohydrate source available source of energy *dried whey= good carb source

Question 34

fat utilization from diets is limited in pigs before approx __________ days of age, however many nursery diets contain dietary fat as it helps ________________

Answer 34

35 lubricate pellete mill diet improving pellet quality in diets with high milk products

Question 35

what is the enzyme we are most concerned with

Answer 35

amylase

Question 36

the lactating sow needs energy and nutrients to do what 3 main things

Answer 36

maintain body tissues support milk production allow for maternal growth

Question 37

excessive negative nutrient balance during lactation can be minimized by

Answer 37

increased feed intake increase nutrient concentration of diet (better option=fat) 2-5% fat in lactation diet

Question 38

sows produce how much milk a day

Answer 38

3 gallons/day

Question 39

high milk production results in daily nutrient requirements that are ____________ than during gestation

Answer 39

3 times

Question 40

the energy/ nutrient requirement of a lactating sow is dependent on

Answer 40

her weight milk yield body comp (start at 3.5, end around 2.5) housing environment

Question 41

for highly prolific and productive sows, what is used to support lactation that often results in loss of body weight

Answer 41

nutrients from body tissue reserves feed

Question 42

excessive body weight in lactating sows can lead to

Answer 42

short term repro problems like extended wean to estrus interval and smaller litter size

Question 43

lactating sow feed intake __________ from 1st to 6th parity

Answer 43

increases

Question 44

sow lactation feed intake often is not enough during lactation to meet the sows energy/nutrient needs for maintenance/milk, especially for parity ____________. These sows _______________ to meet their energy/nutrient requirements

Answer 44

1 and 2 mobilize body tissues

Question 45

what does a diet look like for a lactating sow

Answer 45

energy and protein (corn/fat and SBM) supplemental fat bulky ingredients to help ith constipation (oats, barley, beet pulp, Epsom salt, linseed oil)

Question 46

some producers add bulky feed ingredients to sows diets before and free days after farrowing to prevent___________________ but it may limit their __________

Answer 46

constipation & mastitis total feed intake

Question 47

increasing caloric density of the diet when sow feed intakes are insufficient to meet energy needs, helps partially _________________

Answer 47

make up the deficiency in energy intake

Question 48

_______________ increases the daily gain of nursing pigs

Answer 48

supplemental fat

Question 49

what is the most capable class of swine to effectively utilize dietary fiber

Answer 49

gestating sows ** helps control gestational weight gain

Question 50

T/F dietary fiber decreases the energy and bulky density of the diet limits intake and helps control weight gain

Answer 50

true examples: oats, barley

Question 51

sows are _______ throughout gestation, sows would consume more food if allowed

Answer 51

limit-fed

Question 52

limit feeding sows creates ________________ among sows at feeding

Answer 52

competition

Question 53

what can be used to help minimize food competition and help feed sows individually

Answer 53

Electronic sow feeds/ feeding stalls

Question 54

maternal weight gain accounts for ______% of the sows total energy needs

Answer 54

15-25%

Question 55

Parity 0 and parity 1, the sow is still growing so what should be allowed

Answer 55

more weight gain should be allowed compared to older sows that have reached their mature body weight

Question 56

gains in maternal body weight provide a _____________ for the upcoming lactation

Answer 56

reservoir of nutrients

Question 57

excessive weight gains can predispose the sow to ________________ during lactation

Answer 57

poor performance

Question 58

extreme reductions (50-60%) in nutrient intake of gestating sows will reduce _____________________ and decrease ____________________

Answer 58

birth weight of pigs muscle fiber numbers at birth

Question 59

what problems do low birth weight pigs experience

Answer 59

decreased growth performance at market decreased lean content of carcass at harvest compromised meat quality compared to normal weight pigs

Question 60

gestating sows should be fed a supplemental fat during the last ___________ weeks of gestation to improve the _____________ of the fetus

Answer 60

2-3 wks energy stores

Question 61

T/F feeding a lactation diet containing 3% fat at 6lb/hd/day for 14 days before farrowing will achieve the desired fat intake

Answer 61

true

Question 62

the nutrient requirements for maintenance are influenced primarily by what 2 things

Answer 62

body weight housing environment of sow

Question 63

older, heavier sows have _______________ nutrient needs and require ______________ to maintain their body than younger lighter weight sows

Answer 63

increased more feed

Question 64

maintenance energy requirements account for __________% of a sows total energy requirement

Answer 64

75-85

Question 65

which situation needs more feed vs. less feed heavier cold hot older

Answer 65

heavier= more feed cold= more feed hot= less feed older= more feed

Question 66

sows will become _____________, use body stores of nutrients, during late gestation because nutrient supply from feed intake ____________________________. To avoid this disparity in nutrient supply and demand most sow farms use ___________________

Answer 66

catabolic will not satisfy daily nutrient needs phase feeding for gestating sows

Question 67

during early gestation, days ____________, the sows are fed ___________________ because nutrient needs of the developing litter is small

Answer 67

0-30 maintenance levels of feed ~12% CP

Question 68

overfeeding during early gestation can have a effect on

Answer 68

embryo survival before implantation

Question 69

During mid gestation, day _____________, feed intake is kept __________________, but can be altered if sow needs to lose or gain weight

Answer 69

30-75 near maintencance

Question 70

during late gestation, day _______________, fetal growth rate ___________ dramatically compared to early and mid gestation

Answer 70

75-114 increases

Question 71

sow feed intake should be increased, _______________ pounds/day increase, during the last ____________ weeks of gestation

Answer 71

1.5-2 pounds/day 3-4 weeks

Question 72

large increases in feed intake during late gestation can have negative effects on _________________ and excessive sow weight gains may depress ________________

Answer 72

mammary development feed intake during subsequent lactation

Question 73

feeding during gestation focuses on minimizing ______________________ and preparing the sows for _________________

Answer 73

embryo/fetus losses farrowing and lactation

Question 74

in early stages of gestation the goal is to

Answer 74

Ensure max survival of embryos have large litter size at subsequent farrowing

Question 75

in mid stages of gestation the goal is to

Answer 75

growth of developing fetuses increase nutrient stores in the sow or replenishment of nutrient stores lost from previous lactation

Question 76

in late stages of gestation the goal is to

Answer 76

fetal growth increases at rapid rate mammary development

Question 77

how many phases are there for nursery pigs

Answer 77

4