EXAM 3: digestion and nutrition Flashcards
% lysine of the diet for the following conditions:
pelleted feed
crowded pen
hot environment
pelleted feed: less (cant pick out specific ingredients)
crowded pen: more (less eating because of stress/competition)
hot environment: more (eat less because of heat)
barrows need a _________% of lysine than gilts after _______ pounds
less
55-75
leaner pigs need a ___________% of lysine than fatter pigs, same weight
greater
as a pig gets __________, their need for total lysine per day increases, but because the pig eats ________ feed per day, the lysine percentage of the diet ___________
heavier
more
decreases
the digestive tract of a pig includes 5 main things
mouth
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
The mouth is the first part of the digestive system and contains three parts associated with digestion
teeth
tongue
salivary glands
what do the teeth do for digestion
Reduce particle size of ingested feed
chewing
what does the tongue do for digestion
push consumed feed towards the esophagus
generates saliva
what do the salivary glands do for digestion
sublingual, mandibular and parotid
create saliva (watery, mucus like) to moisten feed and has the enzyme amylase (break starch)
boars produce more saliva
straight muscular tube that transports feed from the mouth to the stomach by peristaltic waves
esophagus
where is the cardiac valve/sphincter
end of esophagus
prevents food from passing from the stomach back up the esophagus
pear shaped musclar organ that stores ingested feed, moves feed and secretes gastric juices
stomach
~2 gallons, pH= 2
as feed leaves the stomach is pass through the _____________ into the small intestine
pyloric sphincter
what does the stomach secrete
HCl
digestive enzyme: pepsin (protein –> polypeptide)
mucus
where majority if digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs
small intestine
what are the three parts of the small intestine
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
**2.5 gallons, 60 ft long (surface area/allow time to digest)
role of the duodenum
first section of SI
mix with secretions from pancreas, bile and enzymes
role of the jejunum
middle
further breakdown
role of the ileum
final section
nutrient absorption continues
what four things does the pancreas produce/secrete
lipase= break fat
trypsin= break protein
amylase= break starch
chymotrypsin= break peptide
what 3 sections is the large intestine made up of
cecum
colon
rectum
the large intestine is important for
water absorption from ingesta
secrete some mineral elements
stores undigested material
source of limited microbial activity
role of cecum
2 sections: blind end and section that connects to the colon
makes from VFA and B vitamins
role of colon
largest portion of LI
major role in water absorption
form feces
role of the rectum
final portion
straight tube that excretes waste
feed cost upwards of __________% of total production cost
75+
factors that influence nutrition include
genetics
environment (temp, humid, weather)
herd health
management practices
feed processing (pellet vs. meal)
feed quality
feed ingredients
feed additives
as pigs get heavier they eat _______ feed per day
more
fatter pigs (less lean) eat _________ feed per day than lean pigs
more
barrows eat ______ feed per day than gilts, after _________pounds
more
55
**up to 55 boar, gilt, barrow= eat same
pigs that eat _________ feed per day grow faster than pigs who eat less
more
feed intake is controlled by _________________ of feed
energy density
high in fat= low intake
low in energy= high intake
pigs growth rate increases rapidly until __________ pounds, increases more slowly until _________ and then declines
35-40
150 (still gain, efficiency and ADG declines)
the growth rate of fatter pigs peaks at _______ weight than leaner pigs
lighter
muscle deposition rate peaks at _________ pounds for lean pigs and ___________ for fat pigs
150
120-130
T/F barrows grow slower than gilts
false
as a pig gets heavier it takes _______feed/gain
more
fat pigs require _______ feed per gain than lean pigs at the same weight
more
barrows require __________ feed per gain than gilts
more
cold pigs require _______ feed per gain than normal temp
more
sick pigs require ______ feed per fain than normal pigs
more
limit fed pigs require _____ feed per gain than ad lib fed pigs
less
a typical finishing diet has 5 main ingredients
corn (energy)
soybean meal (protien)
ground limestone (calcium)
dicalcium phosphate (phosphorus/ calcium)
salt (sodium chloride)
muscle or lean has a large percentage of protein. The building blocks of protein are
amino acids
what are the essential amino acids
methionine
arginine
threonine
tryptophan
histidine
isoleucine
lysine
leucine
valine
phenylalanine
what is the first limiting AA
lysine
what AA’s are we concerned with in early nursery diets
isoleucine
methionine
Because of blood meal and plasma protien
