Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ASC 408G: Swine > biomedical > Flashcards

biomedical Flashcards

1
Q

heart valves from pigs are transplanted into __________ heart valve patients/year in the U.S., swine heart valves can last up to ______ years in a human

A

60,000
15 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 3 types of heart valves

A

porcine (matches better size/shape with human)
bovine (good option for religious reasons)
mechanical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

__________ what used to treat diabetes until the 1980s

A

insulin from pigs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what kind of insulin is used today

A

biosynthetic; made from recombinant DNA technology

**pig insulin is still used for people who is allergic to the synthetic version

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

pigs are the best candidates for ____________, as porcine blood has the most similar characteristics to human blood

A

xenotransfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how is the blood from pigs similar to humans

A

RBC size
RBC life span
hemoglobin content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F pigs can be genetically modified to produce RBC that are equivalent to blood type O negative

A

true

**pigs dont really have types of blood like we do normally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

in the past, _____________ made up the majority of animals used in biomedical research, 90%

A

rodents (rats/mice)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the other 10% of animals used in biomedical research are:

A

dogs
cats
rabbits
guinea pigs
hamsters
non-human primates
farm animals partially swine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is used the most for human and animal research

A

pigs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are some similar features pigs and humans share

A

size of organs

similar anatomical and physiological functions

many organs have the same structures, about 80-90% corresponding systems ——heart, lung, GI system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the only system not similar between humans and pigs

A

reproductive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how are pig and human hearts similar

A

approx same size

similar blood comp

structural similarities

prone to develop artery plaque buildup (from high cholesterol diet)

react similarly to myocardial infarction (classic heart attack)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pigs used in biomedical research are typically raised _____________, allowing them to be free from infection of microorganisms

A

germ free

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is significant about how germ-free pigs delivered

A

surgery; hysterectomy carried out on the pregnant sow near term

pigs are reared under completely sterile conditions usually filtered air and sterilized water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are some things made from using pig skin

A

gelatin (gummies, ice cream)
porcine burn dressings
luggage

17
Q

what are some things made from using pig internal organs

A

insulin
medicines
sutures
heart valves

18
Q

typically, swine used for biomedical research are from ______________ breeds.

A

miniature

19
Q

The difference between domestic farm breeds and miniature breeds are related to their ___________and ____________, rather than anatomic difference in organs and structures

A

growth rate
size at maturity

20
Q

most common breeds used for biomedical research in the united states are:

A

hanford (lean, surgical, same heart size as human)

yucatan (150-200 lbs, hairless, used for skin studies)

sinclair (50-75lbs, nutrition, urinary, skin)

panepinto (~20lbs, variety of uses)

Gottingen (50-75lb, variety of uses)

21
Q

Transplanting pig organs into humans, known as ______________, has been difficult as the presence of pig organs cause _______________________

A

xenotransplantation
human immune system to go into hyperacute rejection

22
Q

examples of pig to human transplants

A

heart
kidney
liver
pancreas
cornea

**pig to baboon heart

23
Q

how are pigs used in nutritional studies/ why

A

similar digestive physiology to humans
used to test diabetes treatment
alcoholism
gastric ulcers
similar metabolic processes in live
oral absorption of drugs

baby pigs used to test digestive function in low birth weight infants

24
Q

how are pigs used in wound healing and plastic surgeries

A

although its thicker, it heals similar to human skin

useful in the study of burn victims and chemical weapon testing

25
Q

how are pigs used in surgical training

A

allows for hands-on training for students (sutures, endoscopy etc.)

**military, med school— good way to practice trauma

26
Q

how are pigs used in studying muscle growth

A

scientist were able to re-grow human leg muscle using implants made of pig bladder tissue

27
Q

hanford and yucatan pigs are used for what kind of studies

A

hanford (lean, surgical, same heart size as human)

yucatan (150-200 lbs, hairless, used for skin studies)

28
Q

sinclair pigs are used for what kind of studies

A

50-75lbs, nutrition, urinary, skin

29
Q

panepinto and Gottingen pigs are used for what kind of studies

A

panepinto (~20lbs, variety of uses)

Gottingen (50-75lb, variety of uses)

ASC 408G: Swine (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions